Nicotine |
![]() Last updated: 22/11/2022 |
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(Not known by any other names) |
Data alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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![]() Significant data are missing |
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A general purpose, plant derived non-persistent insecticide | |
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Aphids; Thrips; Whiteflies | |
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Current | |
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pre 1940 | |
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UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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UK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Chemical structure |
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A chiral molecule. The technical material is a racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicotine. | |
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C₁₀H₁₄N₂ | |
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CN1CCCC1C2=CN=CC=C2 | |
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CN1CCC[C@H]1C2=CN=CC=C2 | |
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SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide | |
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Plant derived substance | |
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950 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Natural | |
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Broad spectrum and fast acting nerve toxin. Mainly respiratory action but some contact and stomach activity. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator. | |
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Isolated from tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) and from other plants including those belonging to the Lycopodiaceae, Grassulaceae & Leguminosae families | |
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Usually manufactered for crop protection applications | |
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Crop protection | |
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Wide range of insects including aphids and thrips | |
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Wide range of crops including fruit, vegetables, grapes and protected ornamentals | |
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54-11-5 | |
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200-193-3 | |
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8 | |
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056702 | |
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162.23 | |
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(S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | |
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3-((2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine | |
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Chemical subject to PIC regulations; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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4B | |
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Not applicable | |
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Colourless liquid with brown tint |
Formulations |
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Nicotine 40% Shreds | Dow AgroSciences | ||||
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Often used as smoke generating formulations within glasshouses and potato chitting houses. Typically around 225g product per 560 cubic metres are used. |
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1000000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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Miscible | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Miscible | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Diethyl ether3 = Unverified data of known source |
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-79 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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247 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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247 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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101 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.48 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.17 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.01 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Nicotine is a base pKb1= 6.16; pKb2= 10.96 (CA3) | |||||||||||
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5620 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Highly volatile | ||||||||
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9.0 X 10-04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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2 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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11.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 3.5-28.0 days, 3 field crops, various matrices, n=3 | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | CA2 CA = Medical and toxicological databases and information systems e.g. TOXNET (click here ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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100 | ||||||||||
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Estimated | ||||||||||
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Known soil metabolites |
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Minor fraction | - | - |
Known groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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nicotinic acid | - | Plant | - | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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50 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 17.8 | V2 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
High | ||||||||
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> 50 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | |||||||
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Harmful | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Parasitic wasp2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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4.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.9 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Oncorhynchus mykiss2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.242 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia pulex5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia pulex5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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50 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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50.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 25 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 5.9 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.0001 | A2 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Humans SF=10002 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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0.0001 | A2 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Humans SF=10002 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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0.001 | A2 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Humans SF=10002 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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Bystanders may be exposed during glasshouse venting operations | |||||||||
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High risk of operator exposure via inhalation | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Highly toxic May cause cardiovasular diseases |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Code is variable depending upon product, often either 4.1 or 6.1 |
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Health: H300, H310, H330 Environment: H400 |
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Ib (Highly hazardous) | |||
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1654 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
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nicotine | ||
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nicotine | ||
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Nikotin | ||
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nikotin | ||
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nicotina | ||
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nicotina | ||
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nikotyna | ||
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Record last updated: | 22/11/2022 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |