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milbemycin A4
** Translations

Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
Further data may be found in the PPDB

GENERAL INFORMATION Click here for an explantaion of the general chemical status information
for milbemycin A4

Description: An active isomer of milbemectin with acaricidal activity and is used as an antibiotic drug.

Example pests controlled: Spider mites; Tarsonemid mites; Leaf miners

Example applications: Soft fruit including Straweberry, blackberry, currants, raspberry, gooseberry; Apple, Pear, Cherry, Plum; Orange; Eggplants; Ornamentals

Efficacy & activity: Efficacy proven via field trials

Appearance and life cycle: -

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: -

Taxonomic classification: -

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
Status Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur Germany/Netherlands
Date inclusion expires 31/07/2019
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) No
Listed in EU database Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries: Click to access a note on the approvals information on this site

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Known to used in the following countries: -

Chemical structure: Click here for further information on the general chemical status information used on this site
Isomerism Milbemectin is a complex molecule with 10 chiral features. Milbemycin A4 is one of the most biologically active isomers.
Chemical formula C32H46O7
Canonical SMILES CCC1C(CCC2(O1)CC3CC(O2)CC=C(CC(C=CC=C4COC5C4(C(C=C(C5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)C)C
Isomeric SMILES CCC1C(CC[C@@]2(O1)C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/CC(/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)\C)C
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) VOZIAWLUULBIPN-DFYAAVTESA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI) InChI=1S/C32H46O7/c1-6-27-21(4)12-13-31(39-27)17-25-16-24(38-31)11-10-20(3)14-19(2)8-7-9-23-18-36-29-28(33)22(5)15-26(30(34)37-25)32(23,29)35/h7-10,15,19,21,24-29,33,35H,6,11-14,16-18H2,1-5H3/b8-7+,20-10+,23-9+/t19?,21?,24-,25+,26+,27?,28-,29-,31-,32-/m1/s1
2D structure diagram/image available? Yes

General status: Click here for further information on the general chemical status information used on this site
Biopesticide type Insecticide, Acaricide
Metabolite Type Soil
Substance group Micro-organism derived
Minimum active substance purity 950 g/kg
Known relevant impurities EU 2017 dossier: None declared
Substance origin Natural
Mode of action Not applicable
Substance source -
Substance production -
Uses -
Target pests -
Target host -
Farming system suitability -
CAS RN 51596-11-3
EC number -
CIPAC number 660
US EPA chemical code Not applicable
PubChem CID -
Molecular mass (g mol-1) 542.7
PIN (Preferred Identification Name) -
IUPAC name (10E,14E,16E,22Z)-(1R,4S,5’S,6R,6’R,8R,13R,20R,21R,24S)-6-ethyl-21,24-dihydroxy-5’,11,13,22-tetramethyl-3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1. 14.8020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6-spiro-2’-tetrahydropyran-2-one
CAS name (6R,25R)-5-O-demethyl-28-deoxy-6,28-epoxy-25-ethylmilbemycin B
Other status information -
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards -
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) 6
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance -
Physical state White crystalline solid
Related substances & organisms -

Can be a metabolite of:
Parent Formation medium Estimated maximum occurrence fraction 1107/2009 relevancy Click here for further information on 1107/2009 relevancy

Formulations:
Property Click here for information on the general product and branding information used on this site Product Manufacturer
Formulation and application details -


ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for milbemycin A4

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe environmental fate on this site Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with fate data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret environmental fate data
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) 4.55 A5 Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) 203000 A5 - Acetone, for milbemectin -
3450 A5 - n-Octanol, for milbemectin -
25900 A5 - o-Xylene, for milbemectin -
251000 A5 - Methanol -
Melting point (oC) 191 A5 -
Boiling point (oC) Boiling not observed A5 -
Degradation point (oC) - - -
Flashpoint (oC) Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable A5 -
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC P 1.00 X 1007 Calculated -
Log P 7.0 A5 - @ 25 degC High
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity 1.2 Q2 -
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC Not applicable A5 -
Note: No dissociation
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) 4.3 X 10-07 A5 Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) 1.55 A5 Moderately volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 Neutral pH: 238nm=31300, 244nm=34300, 252nm=22100
Acid pH: 238nm=26200, 244nm=28400, 252nm=18300
Basic pH: 238nm=28500, 244nm=31200, 252nm=20200 		A5 - as milbemectin -
Surface tension (mN m-1) 49.4 A5 -

Degradation:
Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance degradation Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with degradation data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret substance degradation data
General biodegradability Not readily biodegradable
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) DT50 (typical) 36.1 A5 Moderately persistent
DT50 (lab at 20oC) 36.1 A5 Moderately persistent
DT50 (field) 11.5 A5 Non-persistent
DT90 (lab at 20oC) 143 A5 -
DT90 (field) - - -
DT50 modelling endpoint - - -
Note EU 2017 dossier lab studies DT50 range 20.3-81.8 days, DT90 range 70.1-275 days, Soils =4; EU 2002 dossier field studies DT50 range 10.0-12.9 days, soils =2
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix Value - - -
Note -
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix Value - - -
Note -
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 Value - A5 -
Note 3.1days @ pH5
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 Value 2.6 A5 Non-persistent
Note pH variable: 0.93days @ pH5, 4.1days @ pH9
Water-sediment DT50 (days) 86 A5 Moderately fast
Water phase only DT50 (days) 2.9 A5 Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:
Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance adsorption and mobility Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with adsorption and mobility data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret substance adsorption and mobility
Linear Kd - Q2 Non-mobile
Koc 70636
Notes and range Estimated
Freundlich Kf 60.6 A5 Slightly mobile
Kfoc 2817
1/n 0.97
Notes and range EU 2017 dossier Kf range 12.2-138 g/Kg, Kfoc range 1370-4059 g/Kg, 1/n range 0.875-1.04, Soils =4
pH sensitivity None

Key metabolites:
Metabolite Formation medium Estimated maximum occurrence fraction 1107/2009 relevancy Click here for further information on 1107/2009 relevancy
27-hydroxy-milbemycin A4 This metabolite may cause environmental pollution, click here for further information Soil   0.140   Major fraction, Relevant
27-keto-milbemycin A4 This metabolite may cause environmental pollution, click here for further information Soil   0.118   Major fraction, Relevant


ECOTOXICOLOGY
for milbemycin A4

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance ecotoxicology Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with ecotoxicology data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret substance ecotoxicology
Bio-concentration factor BCF (l kg-1) 114 A5 Whole fish Threshold for concern
CT50 (days) Not available -
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) 456 A5 Rat, for milbemectin Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL (mg kg-1) - - -
(ppm diet) - -
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) 347 A5 Anas platyrhynchos, for milbemectin Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) 1922 mg kg feed-1 A5 Anas platyrhynchos, for milbemectin -
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) 0.044 A4 Oncorhynchus mykiss, for milbemectin High
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) 0.00065 A4 Oncorhynchus mykiss, for milbemectin 88days High
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) 0.011 A5 Daphnia magna, for milbemectin High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) 0.000012 A5 Daphnia magna, for milbemectin High
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) - - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) - - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) - - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) - - -
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) > 0.62 P3 Lemna gibba, IC50 Moderate
Non-target plants - - -
- - -
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) > 2.0 A5 Selenastrum capricornutum, or milbemectin Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) - - -
Honeybees Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) 0.026 A5 High
Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) - - -
Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) - - -
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) 28.5 A5 Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) 0.109 A5 Moderate
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect - - -
Other arthropod (1) LR50 g ha-1 - - -
% Effect - - -
Other arthropod (2) LR50 g ha-1 - - -
% Effect - - -
Soil micro-organisms Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect 		A5
Dose: 0.1mg kg-1 soil, Milbemectin 		-
Mesocosm study data NOEAEC mg l-1 - - -
NOEAEC mg l-1 - - -


HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for milbemycin A4

General:
Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe human health and protection issues Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with human health and protection data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret human health and protection data
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) Click here for a note on the limitations of the Cramer class High (class III) - -
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) 456 A5 Rat, for milbemectin Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) > 5000 A5 Rat, for milbemectin -
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) 1.9 A5 Rat, 4 hr (whole body), for milbemectin -
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints - -
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) 0.007 A5 Rat, SF=100 -
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) 0.03 A5 Dog, SF=100 -
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) - - -
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) 0.014 A5 Dog, SF=100 -
Dermal penetration studies (%) 10 A5 -
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 - - -
Exposure Limits - - -
Exposure Routes Public No acceptable risks identified
Occupational No unacceptable risks identified when using PPE/PPC

Health issues:
Carcinogen Mutagen Endocrine disrupter Reproduction / development effects Cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant

-

Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser Eye irritant Phototoxicant

-

General human health issues Possible liver, kidney, adrenals and uterus toxicant especially in vulnerable groups
Possible CNS toxicant

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found

Handling issues:
Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance handling issues Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with data on handling issues Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret data on handling issues
General Click here for a description of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) codes Not oxidising or explosive
CLP classification 2013 Health: H302, H332, H373, H351, H361d
Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification Click here to view information omn the EU risk phrases None allocated at this time
EC Safety Classification Click here to view information omn the EU safety phrases -
WHO Classification NL - Not listed
US EPA Classification (formulation) - -
UN Number -
Waste disposal & packaging Click here for a description of UN packaging marks -


TRANSLATIONS
for milbemycin A4

Language Name
English milbemycin A4
French -
German -
Danish -
Italian -
Spanish -
Greek -
Slovenian milbemicin A4
Polish -
Swedish -
Hungarian -
Dutch -

Record last updated: Monday 05 November 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk