thiram (Ref: ENT 987) ** thiuram ** TMTD ** thylate ** Translations

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description: A fungicide used as a seed treatment to control "damping off" (Pithium sp) and as a spray to control other fungi such as Botrytis. Also pesticide transformation product.

Introduction: circa 1945

EC Directive 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Annex 1
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Belgium
Date inclusion expires	31/07/2014

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also registered in: Australia, USA

General status:

Pesticide type	Fungicide, Repellent, Metabolite
Metabolite Type	Soil, Water, Animal
Substance group	Dithiocarbamate
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Contact action with protective properties, acts by inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth. Repellent properties caused by aversion to its taste.
CAS RN	137-26-8
EC number	205-286-2
CIPAC number	24
US EPA chemical code	079801
Chemical formula	C6H12N2S4
SMILES	S=C(SSC(=S)N(C)C)N(C)C
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1/C6H12N2S4/c1-7(2)5(9)11-12-6(10)8(3)4/h1-4H3
Structure diagram/image available?	Yes
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	240.43
IUPAC Name	tetramethylthiuram disulfide
CAS Name	tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide
Other status information	PIC Annex III (some formulations)
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	M3
Physical state	White to yellow crystalline powder
Related substances & organisms	carboxin prochloraz thiabendazole oxadixyl

Can be a metabolite of:

Parent		Formation Medium	Estimated Maximum Occurrence Fraction	91/414 Relevancy
ziram		Soil	0.400	Major fraction, Relvant

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers of products using this active	Agrichem Chemtura Unicrop AgroCare
Example products using this active	Thiraflo Thianosan Greenthionock Basultra
UK LERAP status	None (may vary with mixtures)
Formulation and application details	Often supplied as a flowable concentrate for use as a seed treatment.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		16.5	A5	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		13000	A5 - Ethyl acetate	-
		69700	A5 - Acetone	-
		93	A5 - Hexane	-
		8300	A5 - Xylene	-
Melting Point (oC)		145	A5	-
Boiling Point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A5	-
Degradation point (oC)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	5.37 X 1001	Calculated	-
	Log P	1.73	A5	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.36	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		8.19	A5 -	-
		Note: Weak acid
Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa)		2.3	A5	Volatile
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		3.30 X 10-02	A5	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless)		3.30 X 10-07	K3	Moderately volatile
GUS leaching potential index		0.02	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (µg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	5.24 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Medium
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		Neutral solution: 214nm = 21884, 278nm = 11342	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		-	-	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	15.2	G4	Non-persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	4.6	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (field)	15	G4	Non-persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	15.3	A5	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	Note	Other studies: lab studies DT50 ~2days, field studies DT50 range 14-65 days (R3)
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	0.4	A5	Fast
	Note	Data for pH 5, 25 degC
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	3.5	A5	Non-persistent
	Note	pH sensitive: DT50 68.5 days at pH 5, 6.9 hours at pH 9, all at 25 degC
Water-Sediment DT50 (days)		1.6	A5	Fast
Water phase only DT50 (days)		1.6	A5	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	-	-
	Koc	-
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	108	A5	Non-mobile
	Kfoc	9629
	1/n	1.104
	Notes and range	EU dossier Kf range 54.1-263.1 mL/g, Kfoc range 2245-24526 mL/g, 1/n range 1.036-1.149, Soils=4
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation Medium	Estimated Maximum Occurrence Fraction	91/414 Relevancy
N,N dimethyl carbamosulfonic acid		Soil	0.102	Major fraction, Relevant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF	6	Q2 Estimated	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Bioaccumulation potential		-	Calculated	Low
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 1800	A5 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	1.5	L2 Rat, 2 year	High
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2000	A5 Anas platyrhynchos	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		> 947 mg kg bw-1 day-1	A4 unknown species	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		0.046	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	High
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.012	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		0.011	A5 Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.008	A5 Daphnia magna	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		0.0033	F3 Americamysis bahia	High
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		1.6	F3 Lemna gibba, 7 day	Moderate
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		0.065	A5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (µg bee-1)		> 100	A5 Oral	Moderate
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		540	A5	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50product ha EC50product ha NOECproduct ha % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	Harmless	Dose: 3200 g ha-1 AA2 Aphidius rhopalosiphi	Harmless
	% Effect	0	Mortality Dose: 3kg product ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi	Harmless
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	Harmful	Dose: 960 g ha-1 AA3 Typhlodromus pyri	Harmful
	% Effect	29.9	Total effect Dose: 2.4 kg ha-1 x 4 apps, field tests A5 Typhlodromus pyri	Harmless
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant effect	A5 Dose: 24 kg/ha, 90 days	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	0.01	A5 Aquatic invertebrates and algae	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 1800	A5 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		3.46	A5 Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.01	A5 Dog, SF=100	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.6	A5 Rat, SF=100	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.02	A5 Dog, SF=100	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		10	A5	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
Examples of European MRLs (mg kg-1)	Value	-
	Note	For the EU pesticides database click here
Drinking Water MAC (µg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant	Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Eye irritant
					-
General human health issues		[High doses may cause hyperactivity, ataxia, dyspnea, and convulsions]

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		[Not explosive], [IMDG Transport Code is usually 9]
EC Risk Classification		[Xn - Harmful: R20/22, R48/22], [Xi - Irritant: R36/38, R43], [N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53]
EC Safety Classification		S2, S26, S36/37, S60, S61
WHO Classification		II	-	Moderately hazardous
US EPA Classification (formulation)		III	-	Caution - Slightly toxic
UN Number		Variable with product, usually 3077or 3082
Waste disposal & packaging		[Usually Packaging Group III (minor danger)]

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