bromoxynil (Ref: ENT 20852) ** butil chlorofos ** bromotril ** bromoxynil phenol ** Translations

Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description: An HBN herbicide used for post-emergence control of annual broad-leaved weeds and pesticide transformation product

Introduction: 1963, first reported.

EC Directive 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Annex 1
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	France
Date inclusion expires	28/02/2015

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also registered in: Australia

General status:

Pesticide type	Herbicide, Metabolite
Metabolite Type	Soil
Substance group	Hydroxybenzonitrile
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Selective, contact action with some systemic activity. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II).
CAS RN	1689-84-5
EC number	216-882-7
CIPAC number	87
US EPA chemical code	035301
Chemical formula	C7H3Br2NO
SMILES	Oc1c(Br)cc(cc1Br)C#N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1/C7H3Br2NO/c8-5-1-4(3-10)2-6(9)7(5)11/h1-2,11H
Structure diagram/image available?	Yes
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	276.9
IUPAC Name	3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile
CAS Name	3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile
Other status information	Marine Pollutant
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	C3
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Physical state	Colourles crystalline solid
Related substances & organisms	diflufenican ioxynil ethofumesate mecoprop-P prosulfuron terbuthylazine

Can be a metabolite of:

Parent		Formation Medium	Estimated Maximum Occurrence Fraction	91/414 Relevancy
bromoxynil octanoate		Soil	0.446	Major fraction, Relevant
bromoxynil heptanoate		Soil	0.446	Major fraction, Relevant

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers of products using this active	Barclay Nufarm Dow AgroSciences
Example products using this active	Emblem Brominex Chipco Buctril Brominal Plus
UK LERAP status	LERAP Category B
Formulation and application details	Spray application.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		90	A5	Moderate
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		170000	A5 - Acetone	-
		90000	A5 - Methanol	-
		410000	A5 - Tetrahydrofuran	-
Melting Point (oC)		188.7	A5	-
Boiling Point (oC)		318.7	A4	-
Degradation point (oC)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not highly flammable	A4	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	1.10 X 1001	Calculated	-
	Log P	1.04	A5	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.63	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		3.86	A5	-
		Note: Weak acid
Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa)		0.17	A5	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		5.30 X 10-04	A5	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless)		1.46 X 10-07	Q2	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		0.00	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (µg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	4.17 X 10-04	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Low
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		221.2nm = 30343, 287nm = 18302	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		-	-	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	1	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	1	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (field)	8	Y4	Non-persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	-	-	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	Note	EU dossier lab studies DT50 range: 15-18 hr; Other sources: field studies from literature (R3), generally DT50 7-10 days (Q3)
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	0.5	A5	Fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	Very persistent
	Note	-
Water-Sediment DT50 (days)		13	A5	Fast
Water phase only DT50 (days)		13	A5	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	R3	Moderately mobile
	Koc	302
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	4.6	A5	Moderately mobile
	Kfoc	192
	1/n	0.81
	Notes and range	EU dossier kf range 1.4-12.5 mL/g; Kfoc range 108-239 mL.g; 1/n range 0.7-0.9, Soils=4
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation Medium	Estimated Maximum Occurrence Fraction	91/414 Relevancy
3,5-di-bromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid		Soil	0.344	Major fraction, Relevant
3,5-di-bromo-4-hydroxybenzamide		Soil	0.677	Major fraction, Relevant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF	-	-	-
	CT50 (days)	-		-
Bioaccumulation potential		-	Calculated	Low
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		81	A5 Rat	High
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	16.6	L2 Rat, 2 year	High
	(ppm diet)	100		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		217	A5 Colinus virginianus	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		1380 mg kg feed-1	A5 Anas platyrhynchos	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		29.2	A5 Lepomis macrochirus	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		2	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		12.5	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		3.1	A5 Daphnia magna	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		0.033	A5 Lemna gibba	Moderate
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		0.12	A4 Navicula pelliculosa, 72 hour	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		3.13	F4 Green algae population study	Low
Honeybees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (µg bee-1)		5	A5 Oral	Moderate
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		45	A5	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50product ha EC50product ha NOECproduct ha % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	17.9 -23.6	Mortality Parasitism Dose: 0.45 kg ha-1 A3 Aphidius rhopalosiphi, adults	Harmless
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	0	Mortality Dose: 0.45 kg ha-1 A3 Typhlodromus pyri	Harmless
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: Low, transient effect Carbon mineralisation: Low, transient effect	A3 Dose: Not stated	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		81	A5 Rat	High
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		0.00015	A5 Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.01	A5 Mice, 18mnths, SF=100	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.04	A5 Rat, SF=100	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.01	A4 Dog, 90 day, SF=100	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		3.5	A5	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	[Minimal risk from dietary exposure], [Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded]
	Occupational	-
Examples of European MRLs (mg kg-1)	Value	Vegetables and fruit: 0.05: Corn grain: 0.1: Other cereal grains: 0.05
	Note	[Current May 2007, will be reviewed before Nov 2009.] For the EU pesticides database click here
Drinking Water MAC (µg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant	Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Eye irritant
	-
General human health issues		[No further information available]

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		[IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1]
EC Risk Classification		[Reproduction risk category 3: R63], [T+ - Very toxic: R26], [T - Toxic: R25], [Xi - Irritant: R43], [N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53]
EC Safety Classification		S1/2, S27/28, S36/37, S45, S60, S61, S63
WHO Classification		II	-	Moderately hazardous
US EPA Classification (formulation)		II	-	Warning - Moderately toxic
UN Number		2588
Waste disposal & packaging		[Usually Packaging Group III (minor danger)]

TRANSLATIONS