| flonicamid (Ref: IKI 220) |
 |
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
for flonicamid
Description: An insecticide used to control aphids, thrips and whitefly in a range of situations including glasshouses
Example pests controlled: Aphids, Thrips, Whiteflies
Example applications: Fruit including apples, peaches; Wheat; Potatoes; Various vegetables
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 2000
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | France/Sweden |
| Date inclusion expires | 31/08/2023 |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | No |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C9H6F3N3O |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CN=CC(=C1C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NCC#N |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C9H6F3N3O/c10-9(11,12)7-1-3-14-5-6(7)8(16)15-4-2-13/h1,3,5H,4H2,(H,15,16) |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Aphicide | |||
| Substance group | Pyridine compound | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | 960 g/kg | |||
| Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - Toluene max. 3g/kg | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Systemic, selective with long term activity. Thought to distrub insect feeding pattern. | |||
| CAS RN | 158062-67-0 | |||
| EC number | - | |||
| CIPAC number | 763 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 128016 | |||
| PubChem CID | 9834513 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 229.16 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide | |||
| IUPAC name | N-cyanomethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide | |||
| CAS name | N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 9C | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | None recorded | |||
| Physical state | Off-white powder | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | None | |||
| Formulation and application details | Often supplied as wettable granules that are mixed with water and applied as a spray. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for flonicamid
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 5200 | A5 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 163500 | A5 - Acetone | - | |
| 34200 | A5 - Ethyl acetate | - | ||
| 4500 | A5 - Dichloromethane | - | ||
| 550 | A5 - Toluene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 157.5 | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | A5 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 313 | A5 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 5.75 X 10-01 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | -0.24 | A5 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.54 | A5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | 11.6 | A5 | - | |
| Note: Strong base | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 9.43 X 10-04 | A5 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 4.20 X 10-08 | L3 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
0.16 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 2.19 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | Neutral solution: 265nm = 3870; [Acidic solution: 266nm = 3890; [Basic solution: 204nm = 13200, 270nm = 4190 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | 47.3 | A5 at 25oC | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 3.1 | F3 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 1.1 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 3.1 | F3 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | 3.5 | A5 | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU dossier lab studies range DT50 0.7-1.8 days, DT90 range 2.3-6.0 days | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | 4.0 | R4 | - |
| Note | Published literature RL50 range 3.0-5.6 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=4 | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 | - |
| Note | Stable at pH 4 and 7, 204 days at pH 9 | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 40 | A5 | Moderately fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 33.8 | A5 | Stable | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | 0.09 | A5 | Very mobile |
| Koc | 1.6 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier Kd range 0.03-1.7 mL/g, Koc range 0.7-3.0 mL/g, Soils=4 | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | No | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| 4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid |
Soil | 0.364 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
| N-(4-trifluoromethyl-nicotinoyl)glycinamide |
Soil | 0.102 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
| 6-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid |
Soil | 0.213 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| - | TFNG | Rat (Urinary); Plant; Animal | - | - |
| - | TFNG-AM | Rat (Urinary); Plant; Soil | - | - |
| - | IKI-220 N-oxide | Rat (Urinary) | - | - |
| - | TFNA-AM oxide | Rat (Urinary) | - | - |
| - | OH-TFNA-AM | Rat (Urinary) | - | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | Low risk | A5 Based on LogP < 3 | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 884 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 25 | F2 Rabbit | High |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 2000 | A5 Colinus virginianus | Low | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | > 411 mg kg bw-1 day-1 | A5 Colinus virginianus | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 100 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Low | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 10 | A5 Pimephales promelas | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 100 | A5 Daphnia magna | Low | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 3.1 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | 119 | A5 Lemna gibba, Biomass | Low | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | > 100 | A5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | Low | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 51100 | A5 | Low |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 53300 | A5 | Low | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | > 1000 | A5 | Low | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 22.2 | Mortality Dose: 80g ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi |
- | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 100 | Mortality Dose: 80g ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri |
- | |
| Soil micro-organisms | Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 Dose: not known |
- | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for flonicamid
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 884 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 5000 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | > 4.9 | A5 Rat, 4 hr (nose only, aerosol) | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.025 | A5 Rabbit, SF=100 [Other data: 0.01, UK ACP 2005] | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.025 | A3 Rabbit, SF=100 [Other data: 0.04, UK ACP 2005] | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.025 | A3 Rabbit, SF=100 [Other data: 0.04, UK ACP 2005] | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | 7.46-13.0 | A5 concentration dependent | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | No risks anticipated | ||
| Occupational | PPE/PPC advised in order to mitigate risks | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | 0.1 | EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=219.0 μg l-1; A5 | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Possible liver and kidney toxicant USEPA - some evidence to suggest possible human carcinogen |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Not explosive or oxidising | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H319 | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S46 | |||
| WHO Classification | NL | - | Not listed | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | No consensus across products or no products available | - | - | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | flonicamid |
| French | flonicamide |
| German | Flonicamid |
| Danish | flonicamid |
| Italian | flonicamid |
| Spanish | flonicamida |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | flonikamid |
| Polish | flonikamid |
| Swedish | flonicamid |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Thursday 13 September 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
© University of Hertfordshire