Flonicamid (Ref: IKI 220)

Flonicamid (Ref: IKI 220)	Last updated: 15/09/2021
(Also known as: F 1785)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Drainflow: Very mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate; Mammals chronic toxicity: Moderate; Possible Carcinogen; Possible Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide used to control aphids, thrips and whitefly in a range of situations including glasshouses

Example pests controlled

Aphids, Thrips, Whiteflies; Caterpillars

Example applications

Fruit including apples, peaches; Wheat; Potatoes; Various vegetables including brassicas, turnip greens, cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, and legumes

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2000

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/08/2026

UK LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Sweden

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/08/2023

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₉H₆F₃N₃O

Canonical SMILES

C1=CN=CC(=C1C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NCC#N

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C9H6F3N3O/c10-9(11,12)7-1-3-14-5-6(7)8(16)15-4-2-13/h1,3,5H,4H2,(H,15,16)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Aphicide

Substance group

Pyridine compound

Minimum active substance purity

960 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - Toluene max. 3g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic, selective with long term activity. Thought to distrub insect feeding pattern.

CAS RN

158062-67-0

EC number

CIPAC number

763

US EPA chemical code

128016

PubChem CID

9834513

Molecular mass

229.16

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide

IUPAC name

N-cyanomethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide

CAS name

N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

None identified

Physical state

Off-white powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Belchim
ISK Biosciences
FMC Corp

Example products using this active

Teppeki
Beleaf
Carbine
Mainman

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as wettable granules that are mixed with water and applied as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

5200

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

163500

Acetone

34200

Ethyl acetate

4500

Dichloromethane

550

Toluene

Melting point (°C)

157.5

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

313

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.75 X 10^-01

Calculated

Log P

-0.24

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.54

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

11.6

Strong base

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

9.43 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.20 X 10^-08

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral solution: 265nm = 3870
Acidic solution: 266nm = 3890
Basic solution: 204nm = 13200, 270nm = 4190

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

47.3

at 25°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

3.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

1.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

3.1

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

3.5

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies range DT₅₀ 0.7-1.8 days, DT₉₀ range 2.3-6.0 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

4.0

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 3.0-5.6 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=4

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 4 and 7, 204 days at pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

33.8

Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

0.09

Very mobile

K_oc

1.6

Notes and range

EU dossier K_d range 0.03-1.7 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 0.7-3.0 mL g⁻¹, Soils=4

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.87

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

3.68 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Very mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid

Soil

0.364

Major fraction, Relevant

N-(4-trifluoromethyl-nicotinoyl)glycinamide

Soil

0.102

Major fraction, Relevant

6-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid

Soil

0.213

Major fraction, Relevant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

884

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rabbit

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

109.1

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 411 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Anas platyrhynchos NOEL

Moderate

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Pimephales promelas

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Daphnia magna

Low

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

3.1

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

119

Lemna gibba Biomass

Low

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

22.2

Mortality [Dose: 80g ha⁻¹]
Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

100

Mortality [Dose: 80g ha⁻¹]
Typhlodromus pyri

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: not known

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

884

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.9

Rat 4 hr (nose only aerosol)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

Rabbit SF=100 [Other data: 0.01 UK ACP 2005]

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

Rabbit SF=100 [Other data: 0.04 UK ACP 2005]

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

Rabbit SF=100 [Other data: 0.04 UK ACP 2005]

Dermal penetration studies (%)

7.46-13.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

No risks anticipated

Occupational

PPE/PPC advised in order to mitigate risks

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

GB MRL modified for various root crops April 2021 - see UK HSE website

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=219.0 µg l⁻¹

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible liver and kidney toxicant
USEPA - some evidence to suggest possible human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to autoignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302

EC Risk Classification

Xn - Harmful: R22
N - Dangerous for the environment: R53

EC Safety Classification

S2, S46

WHO Classification

NL (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

flonicamid

French

flonicamide

German

Flonicamid

Danish

flonicamid

Italian

flonicamid

Spanish

flonicamida

Greek

Polish

flonikamid

Swedish

flonicamid

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	15/09/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242