flonicamid (Ref: IKI 220) ** F 1785 ** Translations

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GENERAL INFORMATION
for flonicamid

Description: An insecticide used to control aphids, thrips and whitefly in a range of situations including glasshouses

Example pests controlled: Aphids, Thrips, Whiteflies

Example applications: Fruit including apples, peaches; Wheat; Potatoes; Various vegetables

Efficacy & activity: -

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 2000

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	France/Sweden
Date inclusion expires	31/08/2023
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	No
Listed in EU database	Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Chemical structure:

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C9H6F3N3O
Canonical SMILES	C1=CN=CC(=C1C(F)(F)F)C(=O)NCC#N
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C9H6F3N3O/c10-9(11,12)7-1-3-14-5-6(7)8(16)15-4-2-13/h1,3,5H,4H2,(H,15,16)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status:

Pesticide type	Insecticide, Aphicide
Substance group	Pyridine compound
Minimum active substance purity	960 g/kg
Known relevant impurities	EU dossier - Toluene max. 3g/kg
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic, selective with long term activity. Thought to distrub insect feeding pattern.
CAS RN	158062-67-0
EC number	-
CIPAC number	763
US EPA chemical code	128016
PubChem CID	9834513
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	229.16
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide
IUPAC name	N-cyanomethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide
CAS name	N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide
Other status information	-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	9C
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	None recorded
Physical state	Off-white powder
Related substances & organisms	-

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Belchim ISK Biosciences FMC Corp
Example products using this active	Teppeki Beleaf Carbine Mainman
UK LERAP status	None
Formulation and application details	Often supplied as wettable granules that are mixed with water and applied as a spray.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for flonicamid

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		5200	A5	High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		163500	A5 - Acetone	-
		34200	A5 - Ethyl acetate	-
		4500	A5 - Dichloromethane	-
		550	A5 - Toluene	-
Melting point (oC)		157.5	A5	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A5	-
Degradation point (oC)		313	A5	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	5.75 X 10-01	Calculated	-
	Log P	-0.24	A5	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.54	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		11.6	A5	-
		Note: Strong base
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa)		9.43 X 10-04	A5	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		4.20 X 10-08	L3	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		1.87	Calculated	Transition state
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	3.68 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Low
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		Neutral solution: 265nm = 3870; [Acidic solution: 266nm = 3890; [Basic solution: 204nm = 13200, 270nm = 4190	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		47.3	A5 at 25oC	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	3.1	F3	Non-persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	1.1	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (field)	3.1	F3	Non-persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	3.5	A5	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	DT50 modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	EU dossier lab studies range DT50 0.7-1.8 days, DT90 range 2.3-6.0 days
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix	Value	4.0	R4	-
	Note	Published literature RL50 range 3.0-5.6 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=4
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	-
	Note	Stable at pH 4 and 7, 204 days at pH 9
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		40	A5	Moderately fast
Water phase only DT50 (days)		33.8	A5	Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	0.09	A5	Very mobile
	Koc	1.6
	Notes and range	EU dossier Kd range 0.03-1.7 mL/g, Koc range 0.7-3.0 mL/g, Soils=4
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid		Soil	0.364	Major fraction, Relevant
N-(4-trifluoromethyl-nicotinoyl)glycinamide		Soil	0.102	Major fraction, Relevant
6-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid		Soil	0.213	Major fraction, Relevant

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
-	TFNG	Rat (Urinary); Plant; Animal	-	-
-	TFNG-AM	Rat (Urinary); Plant; Soil	-	-
-	IKI-220 N-oxide	Rat (Urinary)	-	-
-	TFNA-AM oxide	Rat (Urinary)	-	-
-	OH-TFNA-AM	Rat (Urinary)	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for flonicamid

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	Low risk	A5 Based on LogP < 3	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		884	A5 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	25	F2 Rabbit	High
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2000	A5 Colinus virginianus	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		> 411 mg kg bw-1 day-1	A5 Colinus virginianus	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		> 100	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Low
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		10	A5 Pimephales promelas	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		> 100	A5 Daphnia magna	Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		3.1	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		119	A5 Lemna gibba, Biomass	Low
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		> 100	A5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Low
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	> 100	A5 Apis mellifera	Low
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	> 100	A5 Apis mellifera	Low
	Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		> 1000	A5 Eisenia foetida	Low
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC50 (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	22.2	Mortality Dose: 80g ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	100	Mortality Dose: 80g ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri	-
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect	A5 Dose: not known	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for flonicamid

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		884	A5 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 5000	A5 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		> 4.9	A5 Rat, 4 hr (nose only, aerosol)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.025	A5 Rabbit, SF=100 [Other data: 0.01, UK ACP 2005]	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.025	A3 Rabbit, SF=100 [Other data: 0.04, UK ACP 2005]	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.025	A3 Rabbit, SF=100 [Other data: 0.04, UK ACP 2005]	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		7.46-13.0	A5 concentration dependent	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	No risks anticipated
	Occupational	PPE/PPC advised in order to mitigate risks
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		0.1	EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=219.0 μg l-1; A5	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Genotoxic	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
	A3; B3; C3; D0; E0	-
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
		-		-
General human health issues		Possible liver and kidney toxicant USEPA - some evidence to suggest possible human carcinogen
Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative			Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem : No, known not to cause a problem : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		Not explosive or oxidising
CLP classification 2013		Health: H302
EC Risk Classification		Xn - Harmful: R22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R53
EC Safety Classification		S2, S46
WHO Classification		NL	-	Not listed
UN Number		-
Waste disposal & packaging		-

TRANSLATIONS
for flonicamid

Language	Name
English	flonicamid
French	flonicamide
German	Flonicamid
Danish	flonicamid
Italian	flonicamid
Spanish	flonicamida
Greek	-
Slovenian	flonikamid
Polish	flonikamid
Swedish	flonicamid
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated: Monday 11 November 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
© University of Hertfordshire