imidacloprid (Ref: BAY NTN 33893) |
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SUMMARY
Imidacloprid is an insecticide approved for use in the EU with certain restrictions for flowering crops. It is highly soluble, non-volatile and persistent in soil. It is moderately mobile. It has a low risk of bioaccumulating. It is highly toxic to birds and honeybees. Moderately toxic to mammals and earthworms. It is non-toxic to fish. GENERAL INFORMATION
for imidacloprid
Description: A chloronicotine insecticide used to control sucking and soil insects. Also used as a flea treatment for domestic pets.
Example pests controlled: Plant hoppers, Aphids, Termites, Colorado bettle, Fleas, White grups, Craneflies; Crickets, Ants
Example applications: Lawns and turf; Domestic pets; Rice, Cereals; Maize; Potatoes; Sugar beet
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1990, first reported; 1991, introduced
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
Status | Approved |
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Germany/Netherlands |
Date inclusion expires | 31/07/2022 |
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | No |
Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use () or known to be used (
) in the following European countries:
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
Also used in: Australia, USA
Isomerism | Isomeric - existing as both the E- and Z- forms however many commerical products are comprised of almost entirely the (E)-isomer |
Chemical formula | C9H10ClN5O2 |
Canonical SMILES | C1CN(C(=N1)N[N+](=O)[O-])CC2=CN=C(C=C2)Cl |
Isomeric SMILES | No data |
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C9H10ClN5O2/c10-8-2-1-7(5-12-8)6-14-4-3-11-9(14)13-15(16)17/h1-2,5H,3-4,6H2,(H,11,13) |
2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
Pesticide type | Insecticide, Veterinary substance | |
Substance group | Neonicotinoid | |
Minimum active substance purity | 970 g/kg | |
Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - None declared | |
Substance origin | Synthetic | |
Mode of action | Systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. | |
CAS RN | 138261-41-3 | |
EC number | - | |
CIPAC number | 582 | |
US EPA chemical code | 129099 | |
PubChem CID | 86418 | |
Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 255.66 | |
PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |
IUPAC name | (E)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine | |
CAS name | (2E)-1-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine | |
Other status information | NOTE ban or usage restriction may be in place for use on flowering crops in some Member States | |
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 4A | |
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |
Examples of recorded resistance | Aphis gossypii Myzus persicae Phorodon humuli Sogatella furcifera Bemisia argentifolii many others |
|
Physical state | Colourless to cream crystalline powder depending on purity | |
Related substances & organisms |
Formulations:
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for imidacloprid
Key metabolites:
Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy ![]() |
|
1-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)N-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-amine | Soil | 0.018 | Minor fraction, Relevant | |
6-chloronicotinic acid | Soil | - | Minor fraction, Relevancy unknown |
Other known metabolites:
Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
1[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-2-(nitroamino)-1H-imidazol-4-ol | imidaclopric metabolite M02 | Animal | - | - |
[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-2-(nitroamino)-1H-imidazol-5-ol | imidaclopric metabolite M01 | Rat; Water; Plant | - | - |
1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-, oxohydrazone | imidaclopric metabolite M07; NTN33893-nitrosimine | Plant; Animal | - | - |
1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]imidazolidin-2-one | imidaclopric metabolite M12; NTN33893-urea | Plant; Animal | - | - |
1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]imidazolidin-2-imine | imidaclopric metabolite M09; NTN33893-desnitro | Plant; Animal | - | - |
6-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid | imidaclopric metabolite M14 | Plant | - | - |
ECOTOXICOLOGY
for imidacloprid
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for imidacloprid
General:
Property ![]() |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information ![]() |
Interpretation ![]() |
|
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) ![]() |
High (class III) | - | - | |
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 131 | A5 Mouse, LD50 (Rat) = 424 (F4) | Moderate | |
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 5000 | A5 Rat | - | |
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | > 0.069 | A5 Rat, 4 hr (aerosol) | - | |
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | Intraperitoneal LD50 = 35 mg kg-1 | V3 Mouse | - | |
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.06 | A5 Rat, SF=100 | - | |
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.08 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.08 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
Dermal penetration studies (%) | 0.3-8.0 | A5, Concentration dependent | - | |
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
Exposure Routes | Public | Acceptable for proposed uses | ||
Occupational | Acceptable for proposed uses Occupational exposure may occur through dermal contact |
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European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - |
Health issues:
Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
- |
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Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
- |
- |
|
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General human health issues | Moderately toxic Potential liver, kidney, thyroid, heart and spleen toxicant |
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
Language | Name |
English | imidacloprid |
French | imidaclopride |
German | Imidacloprid |
Danish | imidacloprid |
Italian | imidacloprid |
Spanish | imidacloprid |
Greek | - |
Slovenian | imidakloprid |
Polish | imidachlopryd |
Swedish | imidakloprid |
Hungarian | imidaklorid |
Dutch | imidacloprid |
Record last updated: Wednesday 23 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
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