| propoxur (Ref: OMS 33) |
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SUMMARY
Propoxur is a carbamate pesticide not approved for use in the EU. With a high aqueous solubilty, it has potential for being mobile in groundwaters although it is rarely reported. It is not highly volatile. In some instances it may persist in soil systems. It is highly toxic to humans if it is ingested but not other serious health issues have been identified. There are gaps in information relating to the toxicity of propoxur to biodiversity but based on information that is available it likely to be moderately to highly toxic. . GENERAL INFORMATION 
for propoxur
Description: A insecticide and acaricide active against a wide range of pests especially those that cause damage via sucking and chewing. Also used for flea control on domestic pets.
Example pests controlled: Cockroaches; Flies; Mosquitoes; Fleas; Ticks; Aphids; Leaf hoppers
Example applications: Ornamentals; Lawns & turf; Glasshouse crops including tomatoes & cucumbers
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1959; first registered in the US in 1963.
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Not applicable |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia, USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C11H15NO3 |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(=O)NC |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C11H15NO3/c1-8(2)14-9-6-4-5-7-10(9)15-11(13)12-3/h4-8H,1-3H3,(H,12,13) |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Acaricide, Veterinary substance | |||
| Substance group | Carbamate | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Non-systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. | |||
| CAS RN | 114-26-1 | |||
| EC number | 204-043-8 | |||
| CIPAC number | 80 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 047802 | |||
| PubChem CID | 4944 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 209.24 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |||
| IUPAC name | 2-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate | |||
| CAS name | 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl methylcarbamate | |||
| Other status information | Marine Pollutant | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 1A | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Aedes aegypti Amblyseius potentillae Anopheles albimanus Anopheles atroparvus Anopheles funestus many others |
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| Physical state | White crystalline solid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Often supplied as emulsifiable concentrates, granules, dusts or wettable powders. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for propoxur
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 1800 | H4 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 200000 | L3 - Isopropanol | - | |
| 94000 | L3 - Toluene | - | ||
| 1300 | L3 - Hexane | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 90 | E3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes on distillation | E3 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.38 X 1000 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 0.14 | G4 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.18 | L3 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 1.3 | E3 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.50 X 10-04 | E3 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
3.73 | Calculated | High leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 6.36 X 10-01 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 79 | K4 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 30 | Q2 | Moderately persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 28 | L3 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Best available data | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | 0.65 | R3 | - |
| Note | Leaves of ornamentals grown undercover, n=1 | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | 0.4 | R3 | - |
| Note | Beans, leaves, n=1 | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 0.01 | K4 | Fast |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 180 | K3 | Persistent |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 2 | K4 | Fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | G3 | Mobile |
| Koc | 30 | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenol | - | Soil (Photolysis) | - | - |
| dimethyl propoxus | - | Plant | 0.27-0.36 | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | Low risk | R3 Rapid aquatic degradation | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | ~ 50 | L3 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | L2 Rat, 2 year | - |
| (ppm diet) | 200 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 25.9 | G4 Colinus virginianus | High | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 6.2 | E3 Lepomis macrochirus | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.15 | E3 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 38.1 | F3 Chironomus riparius, 1 day | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | < 0.112 | F3 Apis mellifera, 24hr | High |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 1.35 | F4 | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | Harmful | AA2 Chrysoperla carnea | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for propoxur
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | ~ 50 | L3 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 5000 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | > 0.50 | E3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | Intraperitoneal LD50 = 30 mg kg-1 | V3 Rat | - | |
| Intramuscular LD50 = 53 mg kg-1 | V3 Rat | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.02 | JMPR 1989 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | [UK LT TWA 8 hr: 0.5 mg/m3], [UK STEL 15 mins: 2 mg/m3] | UK EA QS database, 2018 | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Toxic USEPA - probable human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Weak estrogenic effect |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Human: H301 Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
T - Toxic: R25 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S37, S45, S60, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | II | - | Warning - Moderately toxic | |
| UN Number | 2757 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | propoxur |
| French | propoxur |
| German | Propoxur |
| Danish | propoxur |
| Italian | propoxur |
| Spanish | propoxur |
| Greek | propoxur |
| Slovenian | propoksur |
| Polish | propoksur |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | propoxur |
Record last updated: Wednesday 15 May 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
© University of Hertfordshire