benalaxyl (Ref: M 9834) ** benalaxil ** Translations

Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description: A phenylamide (acylalanine) fungicide used to control Oomycetes

Introduction: 1981

EC Directive 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Annex 1
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Portugal
Date inclusion expires	28/02/2015

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also registered in: Australia

General status:

Pesticide type	Fungicide
Substance group	Acylalanine
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic with protective, curative and eradicant action. Disrupts fungal nucleic acid synthesis.
CAS RN	71626-11-4
EC number	275-728-7
CIPAC number	416
US EPA chemical code	127001
Chemical formula	C20H23NO3
SMILES	O=C(N(c1c(cccc1C)C)C(C(=O)OC)C)Cc2ccccc2
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1/C9H6ClNO3S/c10-5-2-1-3-6-8(5)11(4-7(12)13)9(14)15-6/h1-3H,4H2,(H,12,13)
Structure diagram/image available?	Yes
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	325.40
IUPAC Name	methyl N-(phenylacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate
CAS Name	methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(phenylacetyl)-DL-alaninate
Other status information	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	4
Physical state	Colourless solid
Related substances & organisms	mancozeb folpet

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers of products using this active	Interfarm Sipcam FCC Ltd King Tech ISAGRO S.p.A.
Example products using this active	Farmoplant ISAGRO S.p.A. Galben Tairel
UK LERAP status	None
Formulation and application details	Available in a variety of formulations including suspension concentrates, granules, wettable powders and as a slurry for seed treatment.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		28.6	A5	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		19400	A5 - n-Heptane	-
		250000	A5 - Methanol	-
		250000	A5 - Acetone	-
		250000	A5 - Ethyl acetate	-
Melting Point (oC)		76.8	A5	-
Boiling Point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A5	-
Degradation point (oC)		250	A5	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	3.47 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.54	A5	High
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.18	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		Not applicable	A5	-
		Note: No dissociation
Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa)		0.572	A5	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		6.50 X 10-03	A5	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless)		2.67 X 10-06	Calculated	Moderately volatile
GUS leaching potential index		0.51	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (µg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	1.03 X 10-02	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	High
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		203nm, No absorption at 290nm	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		-	-	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	49	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	75	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (field)	54	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	-	-	-
	DT90 (field)	197	A5	-
	Note	DT50 2 lab studies (1) 36-85 days (2) 77-100 days. 2 field studies DT50 (1) 49 days (Italy) (2) 20-98 days (Germany), DT90 range 67-326 days
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	Stable
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	365	A5	Very persistent
	Note	Stable at pH 4 to pH 7, at pH 9 DT50 = 157 days at 20 degC, 86 days at 25 degC, 55 days at 50 degC and < 1 day at 70 degC
Water-Sediment DT50 (days)		142	A5	Slow
Water phase only DT50 (days)		38	A5	Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	71.0	A5	Non-mobile
	Koc	4998
	Notes and range	EU dossier Kd range 49.1-108 mL/g, Koc range 2728-7173 mL/g, Soils=3
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation Medium	Estimated Maximum Occurrence Fraction	91/414 Relevancy
methyl-N-malonyl-N-2,6-xylyl-DL-alaninate		Soil	0.310	Major fraction, Relevancy unknown
N-malonyl-N-2,6-xylyl-DL-alanine		Soil	0.341	Major fraction, Relevancy unknown

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF	57	A5	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Bioaccumulation potential		-	Calculated	Low
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		680	A5 Mice	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	-	A5 Rat	-
	(ppm diet)	100		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		4600	A4 Unknown species	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		> 5000 ppm	A4 Unknown species	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		3.75	A4 Unknown species	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.49	A4 Unknown species	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		0.59	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.03	A5 Daphnia magna	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		3.13	A5 Chironomus riparius	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		2.4	A5 Raphidocelis subcapitata	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (µg bee-1)		> 100	A5 Oral	Moderate
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		180	A5 Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		36.4	A5 Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50product ha EC50product ha NOECproduct ha % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	3.0	Mortality Dose: 0.48 kg ha-1 A5 Phytoseiulus persimilis	Harmless
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	75.3	Mortality at 1DA4T A5 Typhlodromus pyri, adult	Moderately harmful
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No prolonged adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No prolonged adverse effect	A5 Dose: 1.65 mg/kg soil	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		680	A5 Mice	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rabbit	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		4.2	A4 Rat (nose only)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.04	A5	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		None allocated	A5	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.06	A5 Rat, 90 day, SF=100	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		10	A5	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	[Minimal risk of dietary exposure]
	Occupational	[Risk of exposure acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment]
Examples of European MRLs (mg kg-1)	Value	Onions, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants and grapes: 0.2; Other vegetables and fruit: 0.05; Cereal grains: 0.05
	Note	[Current May 2007.] For the EU pesticides database click here
Drinking Water MAC (µg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant	Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Eye irritant
	-
General human health issues		[No further information available]

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		[No information available]
EC Risk Classification		[N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53]
EC Safety Classification		S61, S60
WHO Classification		III	-	Slightly hazardous
US EPA Classification (formulation)		III	-	Caution - Slightly toxic
UN Number		Usually 3077
Waste disposal & packaging		-

TRANSLATIONS