benomyl (Ref: T 1991) ** benosan ** kribenomy ** D-1991 ** BBC ** BNM ** Translations

Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description: A foliar fungicide used to control a wide range of Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti in a wide range of crops

Introduction: circa 1970

EC Directive 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Excluded from Annex 1
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Germany
Date inclusion expires	Essential uses only

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also registered in: USA

General status:

Pesticide type	Fungicide, Miticide
Substance group	Benzimidazole
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic with protectant and eradicant activity. Also has ovicidal activity against mites. Inhibition of mitosis and cell division.
CAS RN	17804-35-2
EC number	241-775-7
CIPAC number	206
US EPA chemical code	099101
Chiral molecule	No
Chemical formula	C14H18N4O3
SMILES	O=C(n1c2ccccc2nc1NC(=O)OC)NCCCC
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1/C14H18N4O3/c1-3-4-9-15-13(19)18-11-8-6-5-7-10(11)16-12(18)17-14(20)21-2/h5-8H,3-4,9H2,1-2H3,(H,15,19)(H,16,17,20)
Structure diagram/image available?	Yes
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	290.32
IUPAC Name	methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate
CAS Name	methyl [1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate
Other status information	PIC Annex III (some formulations); Marine Pollutant
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	1
Physical state	Tan coloured crystals
Related substances & organisms	copper oxychloride thiram

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers of products using this active	DuPont Dongbu Fine Chemicals Co. Ltd. King Tech
Example products using this active	Benlate Tersan 1991 Benex Benefit Comply
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use or outside scope
Formulation and application details	Usually supplied as an oil dispersible product or as a wettable powder.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		2	B5	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		94000	B4 - Chloroform	-
		18000	B4 - Acetone	-
		10000	B4 - Xylene	-
		4000	B4 - Ethanol	-
Melting Point (oC)		Decomposes before melting	L3	-
Boiling Point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	V3	-
Degradation point (oC)		140	L3	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not highly flammable	V3	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	2.51 X 1001	Calculated	-
	Log P	1.4	B5	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		-	-	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		4.48	H4	-
		Note: Weak acid
Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa)		0.005	G4	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		4.00 X 10-04	L3	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless)		2.02 X 10-07	Q2	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		1.32	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (µg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	9.09 X 10-05	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	High
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		-	-	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	67.0	DW4	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	0.8	H2	Non-persistent
	DT50 (field)	-	-	-
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	-	-	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	Note	Other sources: Very variable data DT50 0.1-100 days, more usually 3-12 months
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	Stable	L3	Stable
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	0.8	L3	Non-persistent
	Note	-
Water-Sediment DT50 (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT50 (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	L3	Slightly mobile
	Koc	1900
	Notes and range	Best available data
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation Medium	Estimated Maximum Occurrence Fraction	91/414 Relevancy
carbendazim (Ref: BAS 346F)		Soil		-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF	27	Q2 Whole fish	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Bioaccumulation potential		-	Calculated	Low
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 10000	B5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	125	B5 Rat	Moderate
	(ppm diet)	2500		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		1000	G3 Anas platyrhynchos	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		0.17	F3 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.011	F4 Oncorhynchus mykiss, LOEC	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		0.28	F3 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.025	F3 Daphnia magna, LOEC	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		0.14	F3 Americamysis bahia	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		2.2	F3 Lemna gibba	Moderate
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		2	F4 Scenedesmus acutus	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees - Acute 48 hour LD50 (µg bee-1)		10	F3 Contact	Moderate
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		10.5	L3	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50product ha EC50product ha NOECproduct ha % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	Harmful	HarmfulAB1 Typhlodromus pyri	Harmful
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 10000	B5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 5000	L3 Rabbit	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		2.0	L3 Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.1	JMPR 1995	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		[LT TWA 8hr: 10 mg/m3], [ST 15 mins: 15 mg/m3]	Occupation Exposure	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact
Examples of European MRLs (mg kg-1)	Value	Oat grains: 2.0; Brussel sprouts, eggplants, tomatoes, citrus, cherries, plums and wine grapes: 0.5; Table grapes: 0.3; Beans (with pods), peas (with pods), pomes, apricots, nectarines and peaches: 0.2; Other vegetables, other fruit, rye grains and wheat grains: 0.1; Corn grains: 0.01
	Note	Current May 2007. Data expressed as carbendazim. For the EU pesticides database click here
Drinking Water MAC (µg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant	Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Eye irritant
					-
General human health issues		May cause eye defects in new borns - anophthalmia May cause contact dermatitis and may be a skin sensitiser

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		No information available
CLP classification 2013		-
EC Risk Classification		Mutagenic category 2: R46 Reproduction risk category 2: R60, R61 Xi - Irritant: R37, R38, R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification		S43, S53, S61, S60
WHO Classification		U	-	Unlikely to present an acute hazard
US EPA Classification (formulation)		IV	-	Caution - Not acutely toxic
UN Number		-
Waste disposal & packaging		-

TRANSLATIONS