Butachlor (Ref: CP 53619)

Butachlor (Ref: CP 53619)	Last updated: 15/01/2023
(Also known as: amichlor; CP 53619; rasayanchlor)

SUMMARY

Butachlor is a herbicide used for pre-emergence control of annual grasses and some broad-leaved weeds. It has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility. Depending on local conditions it may be moderately persistent in some soils. It is not expected to leach to grpundwater. It is moderately toxic to most fauna and flora, the main exception being honeybeesfor which butachlor has a low toxicity. It has a moderate oral mammalian toxicity if ingested and is both a skin and eye irritant.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate; Possible Carcinogen Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A herbicide used for pre-emergence control of annual grasses and some broad-leaved weeds particularly in rice crops

Example pests controlled

Barnyardgrass; Crab grass; Torpedo grass; Witchgrass; Red deadnettle

Example applications

Rice; Wheat; Barley; Peanuts

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Introduction & key dates

circa 1970

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Not applicable

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₇H₂₆ClNO₂

Canonical SMILES

CCCCOCN(C1=C(C=CC=C1CC)CC)C(=O)CCl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

HKPHPIREJKHECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C17H26ClNO2/c1-4-7-11-21-13-19(16(20)12-18)17-14(5-2)9-8-10-15(17)6-3/h8-10H,4-7,11-13H2,1-3H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Chloroacetanilide herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective, systemic absorbed primarily via germinating shoots. Inhibition of VLCFA (inhibition of cell division)

CAS RN

23184-66-9

EC number

245-477-8

CIPAC number

354

US EPA chemical code

112301

PubChem CID

31677

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

311.9

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide

IUPAC name

N-butoxymethyl-2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide

CAS name

N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide

Other status information

PAN Bad Actor Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Oily liquid of variable colour

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Monsanto
FCC
King Tech Corp
Makhteshim-Agan
Pillar International

Example products using this active

Machete
Weedout
Butanox
Vendaval

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate or as granules.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

-0.55

Boiling point (°C)

156

Degradation point (°C)

165

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.16 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.5

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.08

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.24

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.74 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

11.5

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

General literature states DT₅₀ 4 days to 18 days (R4)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Slightly mobile

K_oc

700

Notes and range

Best available data

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.23

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.91 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

2.4

(Other literature Log BCF range -1.5-0.8 (R3))

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

1.7

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2000

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 4640

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

0.515

Eisenia foetida

High

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.44

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.025

Danio rerio 30 day

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.4

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.19

Americamysis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.2

Scenedesmus quadricauda

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2000

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

13000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

3.34

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Occupational exposure may occur through dermal contact

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

USEPA - possible human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not expected to autoignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H317, H330
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

butachlor

French

butachlore

German

Butachlor

Danish

butachlor

Italian

butaclor

Spanish

butaclor

Greek

Polish

butachlor

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

butachloor

Record last updated:	15/01/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242