Denatonium benzoate (Ref: ASU 90 820 P) |
![]() Last updated: 12/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: lidocaine benzyl benzoate; denathonium benzoate) |
SUMMARY |
Denatonium benzoate is a long-lasting deer repellent that is approved for use in the EU. It has a high aqueous solubility and, based on its chemical properties, appears to have a tendency to leach to groundwater. However, its usage pattern would normally significantly reduce this risk. It is moderately persistent in soils and may persist in water under certain circumstances. Denatonium benzoate is moderately toxic to mammals and has a high tendency to bioaccumulate. It is also an irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds but less so to fish and aquatic invertebrates. |
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A repellent used to deter deer damaging deciduous and conifer trees in forests | |
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Deer; Other large mammals | |
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Forests; Woodland | |
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Current | |
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UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Italy/Poland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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31/08/2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Australia |
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Chemical structure |
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C₂₈H₃₄N₂O₃ | |
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CC[N+](CC)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)NC2=C(C=CC=C2C)C.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)[O-] | |
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No data | |
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VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C21H28N2O.C7H6O2/c1-5-23(6-2,15-19-13-8-7-9-14-19)16-20(24)22-21-17(3)11-10-12-18(21)4;8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h7-14H,5-6,15-16H2,1-4H3;1-5H,(H,8,9) | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Repellent | |
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Unclassified | |
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995 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Long lasting, repellent action caused by a combination of optical and bitter taste effects. Deer do not associate the white colour with food. | |
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3734-33-6 | |
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2230-95-2 | |
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845 | |
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009106 | |
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19518 | |
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446.59 | |
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benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate | |
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N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme-thanaminium benzoate | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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White granular powder |
Formulations |
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Often used as a liquid formulation brushed on to tree bark or as a plant dip. 0.2-0.7 g per 1000 trees, applied once each season |
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42400 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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140000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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4900 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Benzene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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355000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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164.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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301 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | - | - | ||||||||
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1.51 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.18 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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4.05 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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50.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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45 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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One literature study reports DT₅₀ as approx. 45 days, one other reports slow degradation. | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable at all relevant pH's | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Very mobile | |||||||
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0.9 | ||||||||||
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One study | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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6.69 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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7.33 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medium | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Very mobile | Calculated | - |
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Low risk | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Based on LogP < 35 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low risk | |||||||
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841 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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196 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 1000 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Salmo gairdneri4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 500 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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841 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Negligible risk to bystanders for the proposed patterns of use | |||||||||
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Negligible risk to operators for the proposed patterns of use | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Toxic on ingestion - may cause diarrhea, decreased respiratory rate and salivation |
Handling issues |
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No explosive or oxidising | |||
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Health: H302, H315, H318, H330, H332 Environment: H412 |
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T+ - Very Toxic: R26 Xn - Harmful: R22, R41 N- Dangerous for the environment: R51, R53 |
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S2, S13, S26, S39, S45, S60, S61 | |||
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NL (Not listed) | |||
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denatonium benzoate | ||
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benzoate de denatonium | ||
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Denatoniumbenzoat | ||
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benzoato de denatonio | ||
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Record last updated: | 12/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |