Potassium iodide

Potassium iodide	Last updated: 02/03/2021
(Also known as: iodide of potash; KI; PIMA; FLPS)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

Used as part of a biological system with enzymes for control of powdery mildew

Example pests controlled

Powdery mildew

Example applications

Tomatoes; Sweet peppers; Cucumbers; Egg plant; Strawberries; Ornamentals

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

Canonical SMILES

[K+].[I-]

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/HI.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance group

Inorganic compound

Minimum active substance purity

99.9%

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Contact, curative action, kills spores and mycelium within 24hrs by inhibiting growth, respiration and other metabolic functions

CAS RN

7681-11-0

EC number

231-659-4

CIPAC number

773

US EPA chemical code

075701

PubChem CID

4875

Molecular mass

166.0

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

potassium iodide

CAS name

potassium iodide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

None

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless-white crystals

Related substances & organisms

potassium thiocyanate

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

KBV 99-01

Example products using this active

Koppert Beheer B.V.

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as water soluble powders and granules that must be mixed before application.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1429000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

13300

Acetone

125000

Methanol

Melting point (°C)

686

Boiling point (°C)

1330

Degradation point (°C)

Decomposition not observed

Flashpoint (°C)

Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.10 X 10⁰⁰

Calculated

Log P

0.04

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

3.13

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No significant absorption above 290nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Mobile

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

Cannot be calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

based on LogP <3.0

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1862

Mouse

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1177

Unknown species

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 258 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Unknown species

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2190

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

9.8

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

1308

Scenedesmus quadricauda

Low

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 0.78

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 2.4

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 12.5

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

28 / 32

Mortality / Fecundity [Dose: 0.16 kg ha⁻¹]
Aphidius rhopalosiphi adult

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

-6.6 / 14

Mortality / Reproduction [Dose: 0.16 kg ha⁻¹]
Typhlodromus pyri protonymph

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 0.24 mg kg⁻¹ 28 days

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1862

Mouse

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0084

as AASE

Dermal penetration studies (%)

default

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable risks to bystanders considering proposed uses

Occupational

Risks identified - PPE/PPC essential

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Thyroid toxicant, may cause hypothyroidism
Large oral doses may cause irritation to the gastrointestinal tract

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Hygroscopic
IMDG Transport Code is usually 3

CLP classification 2013

None allocated at this time

EC Risk Classification

Reproduction risk category 2: R61
Xn - Harmful: R42, R43
Xi - Irritant: R36, R38

EC Safety Classification

S26, S36, S37, S39, S45

WHO Classification

NL (Not listed)

UN Number

Usually 2056

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group II (medium danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

potassium iodide

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	02/03/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242