Urea |
![]() Last updated: 13/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: carbamide ) |
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Normally thought of as a nitrogen fertiliser, however, it is also used to control certain insect and wood rotting pests | |
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Olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae); Conifer root & butt rot (Heterobasidion annosum | |
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Olive trees; Conifers; Pines; Wood structures | |
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Current | |
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1773, discovered |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved as a commodity substance | ||
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31/08/2021 | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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UK/Finland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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31/08/2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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CH₄N₂O | |
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C(=O)(N)N | |
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No data | |
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XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4) | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Fungicide, Insecticide, Microbiocide, Wood preservative | |
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Fertiliser, Wood preservative | |
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Inorganic compound | |
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98% w/w | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Unclear but thought to be related to elevation in pH and ammonia levels as urea degrades | |
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57-13-6 | |
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200-315-5 | |
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913 | |
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085702 | |
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1176 | |
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60.06 | |
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urea | |
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urea | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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None allocated | |
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None | |
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None identified | |
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White solid with ammoniacal odour | |
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Formulations |
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590000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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134 | O3 O = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Decomposes before boiling | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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73 | O2 O = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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2.57 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-2.59 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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1.32 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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13.90 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Data as pKb | |||||||||||
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Degradation |
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Soil nutrient - main mode of degradation is via enzymatic mineralisation | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Very mobile | |||||||
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14 | ||||||||||
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In high peat soils Koc ~ 0.79 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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No but adsorption increases with organic carbon |
Fate indices |
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Cannot be calculated | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low risk | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Based on LogP < 33 = Unverified data of known source |
Low risk | |||||||
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> 8471 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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2250 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 17500 | O3 O = Miscellaneous data from online sources Poecilia reticulata3 = Unverified data of known source |
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> 2000 | P3 P = Other governments and regulators Heteropneustes fossilis3 = Unverified data of known source |
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> 10000 | P3 P = Other governments and regulators Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
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10.7 | J3 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) Unknown species3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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Low (class I) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 8471 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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8200 | O3 O = Miscellaneous data from online sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.022 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) (Dust exposure)3 = Unverified data of known source |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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May cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea May cause cardiac disturbances |
Handling issues |
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May form explosive products with chlorinating substances | |||
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Health: H315, H319, H334, H371 Environment: H413 |
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Carcinogen category 3: R40 Xi- Irritant: 36/37/38 |
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S24/25, S26, S36 | |||
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NL (Not listed) | |||
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urea | ||
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Record last updated: | 13/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |