Copper sulphate

Copper sulphate	Last updated: 12/01/2021
(Also known as: tribasic copper sulphate; Component of Bordeaux mixture; tetracopper, hexahydroxide sulphate semi hydrate)

SUMMARY

A widely used copper fungicide that is approved for use in many countries including at EU level. It has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility. As a heavy metal, copper itself will not degrade in the environment. It is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A protectant foliar fungicide often used in aquatic situations to control algae

Example pests controlled

Algae; Pond weeds in potable water

Example applications

Aquatic situations including ditches, drainage channels, streams, rivers

Efficacy & activity

Copper based products have been shown to be affective against many fungal pathogens in field trials.

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

First used circa 1700s, first registered USA 1956

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

UK LERAP status

Not applicable

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Germany

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/12/2025

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓		✓	✓	✓	✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓			✓	✓		✓		✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
				✓	✓		✓	✓

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

Canonical SMILES

[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/Cu.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2/fCu.O4S/qm;-2

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide, Algicide, Bactericide

Substance group

Inorganic compound

Minimum active substance purity

>490 g kg⁻¹ total copper

Known relevant impurities

EU 2016 dossier: May contain heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, CO, Sb & Hg

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Foliar absorption, prevents spore germination. Multi-site activity.

CAS RN

12527-76-3

Alternative/old CAS RN

1333-22-8

EC number

231-847-6

CIPAC number

44.306

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

24462

Molecular mass

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

copper II sulphate pentahydrate

CAS name

tribasic copper sulphate pentahydate

Other status information

Severe Marine Pollutant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

M1/2

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Blue-green powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Example products using this active

Triangle
Ebenso

Formulation and application details

Supplied in a variety of formulations including soluble crystals, wettable powders and flowable suspensions.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

3.42

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1.0

Heptane

1.0

p-Xylene

1.0

Acetone

1.0

n-Octanol

Melting point (°C)

360

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

360

Flashpoint (°C)

Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.75 X 10⁰⁰

Calculated

Log P

0.44

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

2.29

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

3.40 X 10^-10

at 25 °C

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

72.2

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Not biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

10000

Very persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

1600

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2018 dossier: No degradation expected

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Non-mobile

K_oc

9500

Notes and range

Other data source: K_oc 1000-18000 mL g⁻¹ (US3)

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.07

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.65 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 300

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 72.4

Colinus virginianus

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

13.2

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.97

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.3

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.057

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.5

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.145

Lemna minor 7 day

Moderate

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

12.3

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 23.5

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

40.0

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 155

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

< 15

Eisenia foetida as Cu 56 days

Moderate

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

134

As Cu, Parasitisation
Aphidius rhopalosiphi

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

As Cu, Mortality
Typhlodromus pyri

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 11.6 kg Cu/ha; 28 days

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 300

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.48

Rat (as mg kg⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.15

Dog SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.072

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1-9

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Negligible risk to bystanders for proposed uses

Occupational

Acceptable risk to operators and workers for proposed uses with PPE/PPC

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Statutory EU standard for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg l⁻¹; Non-statutory WHO guideline for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg l⁻¹

UK EA QS database 2018

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

2000

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit as Cu

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Potential heavy metal poisoning
May cause nausea
Mutagenic potential at high doses

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Prevent generation of dust
Not explosive or oxidising

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302

EC Risk Classification

Xn - Harmful: R22
Xi - Irritant: R36, R38
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50-53

EC Safety Classification

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

copper sulphate

French

cuivre de sulfate tribasique de cuivre

German

Kupfersulfat

Danish

kobbersulfat (blåsten)

Italian

solfato di rame

Spanish

sulfato de cobre

Greek

Polish

siarczan miedzi (II)

Swedish

koppar(II)sulfat

Hungarian

rézszulfat

Dutch

Record last updated:	12/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242