Dimethyl disulfide

Dimethyl disulfide	Last updated: 14/01/2021
(Also known as: DMDS; dithioether; dimethyl disulphide)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A multi-use pre-plant pest management chemical which is mainly used as a soil fumigant. It also has food additive applications.

Example pests controlled

Soil-borne pathogens; Nematodes

Example applications

Tomatoes; Peppers; Aubergines; Strawberries; Blueberries; Field-grown ornamentals; Forest nursery stock

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2012, first registered USA

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Pending

Date COPR inclusion expires

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Pending

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

No data

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₂H₆S₂

Canonical SMILES

CSSC

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C2H6S2/c1-3-4-2/h1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
dimethyl disulfide	-

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide, Herbicide, Insecticide, Nematicide

Substance group

Unclassified

Minimum active substance purity

>98.8%

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

As an insecticide dimethyl disulfide works by causing mitochodrial dysfunction. Broad spectrum fungicide.

CAS RN

624-92-0

EC number

210-871-0

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

029088

PubChem CID

12232

Molecular mass

94.20

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

(methyldisulfanyl)methane

IUPAC name

dimethyl disulfide

CAS name

dimethyl disulfide

Other status information

Volatile Organic Compound; FEMA 3536; PAN Bad Actor Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

None allocated

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

None allocated

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

None allocated

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

None allocated

Examples of recorded resistance

None identified

Physical state

Slightly yellow liquid with strong garlic-like odour

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Paladin

Example products using this active

Arkema Inc, USA

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as either an emulsifiable concentrate which is diluted and applied by drip irrigation of broadcast sprayer or as a soil fumigant

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

2702

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

n-Hexane

Melting point (°C)

-85

Boiling point (°C)

109

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

15.0

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.89 X 10⁰¹

Calculated

Log P

1.77

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.062

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

3.8 X 10⁰⁶

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

3.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

3.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

1.3

Moderately fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at all environmentally relevant pH's

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Mobile

K_oc

Notes and range

K_oc range 15-47 mL g⁻¹

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.27

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.86 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Mobile

Calculated

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

methanesulfonic acid
Note: DT50 soil = 15 days

Soil

0.33

methanesulfinic acid

Soil

sulphuric acid

Soil

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

190

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

342

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.97

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.8

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

6.7

Anabaena flos-aqua 96 hr

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

190

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rabbit

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

5.05

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

European MRLs

EU MRL pesticide database

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

No data found

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Toxic by ingestion
Inhalation may cause nausea, headache amd dizziness

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Flammable
Incompatible with strong oxidisng agents
Will emit toxic fumes on heating
IMDG Transport Code is 6.1

CLP classification 2013

EC Risk Classification

EC Safety Classification

WHO Classification

UN Number

2381

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group II (medium danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

dimethyl disulfide

French

disulfure de dimethyle

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	14/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242