| fonofos (Ref: N-2790) |
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
for fonofos
Description: An obsolete soil acting insecticide once used on various crops but predominately corn to control various sucking pests
Example pests controlled: Aphids, Corn rootworm; Wireworm; Cutworms; White grubs; Corn maggots; Symphylans
Example applications: Vegetables including asparagus, beans, onions, peppers, sweet potatoes; Ornamentals; Corn; Turf and lawns
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Obsolete
Introduction & key dates: 1965, first reported
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | - |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | A chiral molecule existing in the R- and S-forms. The R-isomer is more biologically active than the S-isomer. |
| Chemical formula | C10H15OPS2 |
| Canonical SMILES | CCOP(=S)(CC)SC1=CC=CC=C1 |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | KVGLBTYUCJYMND-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C10H15OPS2/c1-3-11-12(13,4-2)14-10-8-6-5-7-9-10/h5-9H,3-4H2,1-2H3 |
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide | |||
| Substance group | Organophosphate | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | >99.5% | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Cholinesterase inhibitor. Non-systemic with contact and stomach action. | |||
| CAS RN | 944-22-9 | |||
| Alternative/old CAS RN | 66767-39-3; 62705-71-9; 62680-03-9 | |||
| EC number | 213-408-0 | |||
| CIPAC number | 306 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 041701 | |||
| PubChem CID | 13676 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 246.3 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |||
| IUPAC name | (RS)-O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate | |||
| CAS name | O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate | |||
| Other status information | Potential groundwater contaminant; Severe Marine Pollutant | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not known | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Delia antiqua Diabrotica undecimpunctata Sedes nigromaculis Diabrotica virgifera |
|||
| Physical state | Clear colourless to yellow coloured liquid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Available in a wide variety of different formulations including granules, suspension concentrates and seed treatments. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for fonofos
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 13 | K4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | Miscible | L3 - Acetone | - | |
| Miscible | L3 - Ethanol | - | ||
| Miscible | L3 - Xylene | - | ||
| Miscible | L3 - Kerosene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | Not applicable | Q3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | 130 | L3 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 7.94 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.9 | G4 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.17 | Q2 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 27 | K4 | Highly volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 6.56 X 10-01 | H4 | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
2.12 | Calculated | Transition state | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 9.61 X 10-02 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 99 | K4 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 99 | K4 | Moderately persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 40 | F3 | Moderately persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | General literature DT50 range 48-150 days (R2) | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 38 | K3 | Moderately persistent |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | G3 | Slightly mobile |
| Koc | 870 | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 300 | Q2 Estimated | Threshold for concern |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 6.8 | G4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 128 | G4 Anas platyrhynchos | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.028 | G4 Lepomis macrochirus | High | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.0023 | F3 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.00008 | Q2 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.00041 | F3 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.039 | F3 Chironomus riparius, 2 day | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 1.5 | K2 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | 0.5 | Q2 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 3.3 | K4 | Moderate |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | 0.0087 | L3 | High | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 218 | K4 | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for fonofos
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 6.8 | G4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | 147 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.002 | G3 | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | List I; List II | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | May be absorbed through the skin | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Highly toxic Ingestion may cause nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H300, H310 Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
T+ - Very toxic: R27/28 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S26, S36/37, S45, S60, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | Ia | - | Extremely hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | I | - | Danger - Highly toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | fonofos |
| French | fonofos |
| German | Fonofos |
| Danish | fonofos |
| Italian | fonofos |
| Spanish | fonofos |
| Greek | fonofos |
| Slovenian | fonofos |
| Polish | fonofos |
| Swedish | fonofos |
| Hungarian | fonofos |
| Dutch | fonofos |
Record last updated: Wednesday 23 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk