glufosinate-ammonium (Ref: HOE 039866) ** phosphinothricin ammonium ** AE F039866 ** HOE 00661 ** Translations

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SUMMARY

Glufosinate-ammonium is a herbicide approved for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water, volatile and has a low risk of leaching to groundwater. It is non-persistent in soils but may be persistent in aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals and considered to be a neurotoxin. It shows a moderate to low toxicity to birds, most aquatic organisms, earthworms and honeybees.

GENERAL INFORMATION
for glufosinate-ammonium

Description: A herbicide for total vegetation control and to control a wide range of weeds and grasses

Example pests controlled: Annual broad-leaved weeds including nightshade, lamb's quarters, ragweed, velvetleaf, wild mustard; Annual grasses including barnyard grass, bristly foxtail, witchgrass

Example applications: Oilseed rape; Maize; Potatoes; Soybeans; Non-cropped areas

Efficacy & activity: -

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: circa 1982

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Germany/France
Date inclusion expires	Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Yes - toxic for reproduction
Listed in EU database	Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia

Chemical structure:

Isomerism	A molecule with 2 chiral centres, glufosinate-ammonium is an isomeric mixture of the D- and L-isomers of the glufosinate ammonium salt
Chemical formula	C5H15N2O4P
Canonical SMILES	CP(=O)(CCC(C(=O)[O-])N)O.[NH4+]
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	ZBMRKNMTMPPMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C5H12NO4P.H3N/c1-11(9,10)3-2-4(6)5(7)8;/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);1H3
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status:

Pesticide type	Herbicide
Substance group	Phosphinic acid
Minimum active substance purity	950 g/kg
Known relevant impurities	EU dossier - None declared
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Non-selective, contact with some systemic action. Glutamine synthetase inhibitor: accumulates ammonium ions, inhibits photosynthesis.
CAS RN	77182-82-2
EC number	278-636-5
CIPAC number	437
US EPA chemical code	128850
PubChem CID	53597
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	198.2
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	ammonium (2RS)-2-amino-4-(methylphosphinato)butyric acid
CAS name	2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid monoammonium salt
Other status information	PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	H
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	10
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	Crystalline solid
Related substances & organisms	glufosinate glufosinate-P

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Aventis Bayer CropScience Certis Fargro Hoechst
Example products using this active	Basta Harvest Kaspar
UK LERAP status	None
Formulation and application details	Often supplied as a soluble or emulsifiable concentrate.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for glufosinate-ammonium

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		500000	A5	High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		250	A5 - Acetone	-
		250	A5 - Ethyl acetate	-
		5730000	A5 - Methanol	-
		250	A5 - p-Xylene	-
Melting point (oC)		216.5	A5	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A3	-
Degradation point (oC)		245	A5	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	9.77 X 10-05	Calculated	-
	Log P	-4.01	A5	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.32	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		9.15	A5	-
		Note: Weak acid
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa)		3.10 X 10-02	A5	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		4.48 X 10-09	A5	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		1.06	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	9.82 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Low
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		Neutral solution: 193nm = 382.02, 291nm = 3.12; [Acidic solution: 207.25nm = 57.05, 291nm = 0.31; [Basic solution: 216.75nm = 108.67, 291nm = no absorption	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		72.1	A5	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	7.4	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	7.4	A5	Non-persistent
	DT50 (field)	7	B5	Non-persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	25	A5	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	DT50 modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	EU dossier lab studies DT50 range 6-11 days, DT90 range 19-35 days; Other sources: DT50 16 days (DW4); 3-10 days (Q3 lab), 7-20 (Q3 field)
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	-
	Note	Stable pH 5 to pH 9
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	300	A5	Persistent
	Note	Stable pH 5 to pH 9 at 25 degC
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		24.5	A5	Fast
Water phase only DT50 (days)		7.2	A5	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	P3	Slightly mobile
	Koc	600
	Notes and range	General literature: 10-1500 mL/g; US sources: 600 mL/g (DW3)
Freundlich	Kf	2.3	A5	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	0.93
	Notes and range	EU dossier kf range 0.2-3.4, 1/n range 0.77-1.0
pH sensitivity		-

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
3-methyl-phosphinico-propionic acid (Ref: AE-F061517)		Soil	0.470	Major fraction, Relevant
2-methylphosphinico-acetic acid (Ref: AE-F064619)		Soil	0.260	Major fraction, Relevant

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
disodium L-2-acetamido-4-methylphosphinato-butyrate	N-acetyl-glufosinate; NAG	Rat (Urinary, Faeces); Plant; Water (Aerobic)	-	-
2-hydroxy-4-methylphosphinico-butanoic acid	MHB	Rat (Urinary)	-	-
4-methylphosphinico-butanoic acid	MPB	Rat (Urinary)	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for glufosinate-ammonium

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	Low risk	A5 Based on LogP < 3	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		416	A5 Mouse	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	> 64	B5 Rat	High
	(ppm diet)	> 545		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2000	B5 Coturnix japonica	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		1100 mg kg bw-1 day-1	A5 Coturnix japonica	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		710	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Low
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		100	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		668	A5 Daphnia magna	Low
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		18	A5 Daphnia magna	Low
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		7.5	A5 Americamysis bahia	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		1.47	F4 Lemna gibba	Moderate
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		46.5	F4 Scenedesmus quadricauda	Low
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		320	Q2 Unknown species	Low
Honeybees	Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 345	A5	Low
	Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 600	A5	Low
	Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		> 1000	B5 Eisenia foetida	Low
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	100	Mortality Dose: 0.6 kg ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi, adult	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	100	Mortality Dose: 0.6 kg ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri, adult	-
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect	A5 Dose: Field rate	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for glufosinate-ammonium

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		416	A5 Mouse	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rabbit	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		1.26	A5 Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.021	A5 Rat, SF=300	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.021	A5	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.0021	A5 Rat, SF=300	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		7.0-16.0	A5 concentration dependent	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	Slight risk to bystanders in orchards
	Occupational	Risk of exposure acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
	-
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
		-		-
General human health issues		Harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin Possible kidney, bladder, blood and lungs toxicant

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1
CLP classification 2013		Health: H302, H312, H332, H360DF, H373
EC Risk Classification		Reproduction risk category 2 and 3: R60, R63 Xn - Harmful: R20/21/22, R48/20/22
EC Safety Classification		S45, S53
WHO Classification		II	-	Moderately hazardous
US EPA Classification (formulation)		III	-	Caution - Slightly toxic
UN Number		Active is 2811, products vary with formulation usually 2902 or 3082
Waste disposal & packaging		Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS
for glufosinate-ammonium

Language	Name
English	glufosinate-ammonium
French	glufosinate-ammonium
German	Glufosinat ammonium
Danish	glufosinat-ammonium
Italian	glufosinate-ammonio
Spanish	glufosinato-amonico
Greek	-
Slovenian	glufosinat-amonij
Polish	glufosynat amonowy
Swedish	glufosinatammonium
Hungarian	glufozinat-ammonium
Dutch	glufosinaat-ammonium

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Record last updated: Monday 05 November 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk