Anthraquinone |
![]() Last updated: 30/12/2020 |
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(Also known as: anthradione) |
SUMMARY |
Anthraquinone is a substance used as a bird repellent which no longer has approval for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility, volatile with a low risk of leaching to groundwater. it is non-persistent in soil but can be persistent in water under certain conditions. It shows a low mammalian toxicity but there are some concerns regarding its potential to bioaccumulate. No serious risks to human health have been reported. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms and earthworms. No data is available regarding the risk to honeybees. |
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Substance used primarily as a bird repellent formulated as a seed treatment | |
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Birds such as rooks and crows | |
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Agricultural cropping | |
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Unknown | |
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1951, France; 1999, USA |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Belgium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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C₁₄H₈O₂ | |
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C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O | |
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No data | |
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RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C14H8O2/c15-13-9-5-1-2-6-10(9)14(16)12-8-4-3-7-11(12)13/h1-8H | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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anthraquinone | - | ![]() |
General status |
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Repellent | |
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Unclassified | |
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Synthetic | |
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Induces retching in birds and so deters attack | |
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84-65-1 | |
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201-549-0 | |
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290 | |
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122701 | |
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6780 | |
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208.21 | |
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anthracene-9,10-dione | |
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anthracene-9,10-dione | |
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9,10-anthracenedione | |
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Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Yellow to green-grey crystals with a weak odour. | |
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Formulations |
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Usually supplied as a seed treatment |
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0.084 | W4 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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2314 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Benzene4 = Verified data |
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9030 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Chloroform4 = Verified data |
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3520 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Ethanol4 = Verified data |
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2598 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Toluene4 = Verified data |
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286 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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377 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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185 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) (closed cup)3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.31 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.52 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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1.44 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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7.4 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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5.00 X 10-03 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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3.50 X 10-05 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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8 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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Stable | W4 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal 4 = Verified data |
Stable | |||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | W3 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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3215 | ||||||||||
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Best available data | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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0.45 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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7.12 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medium | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Slightly mobile | Calculated | - |
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100 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Cyprinidae2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Threshold for concern | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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> 5000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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- | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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15 | - | |||||||||
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> 2000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Coturnix japonica3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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> 72 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Oncorhynchus mykiss3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 10 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 0.942 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.2 | F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Lemna gibba 7 day2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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10 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Scenedemus subspicatus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 1000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Eisenia foetida3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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5000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.33 | AC4 AC = EC Joint Research Centre ESIS European Chemical Substance Information Systems including EINECS, now integrated with the database provided by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (click here ) Rat 4 hr4 = Verified data |
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Health issues |
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IARC Group 2B carcinogen May be harmful by ingestion, inhalation and through skin contact May cause dermatitis |
Handling issues |
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No information available | |||
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Health: H350 | |||
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Xn - Harmful: R43 | |||
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U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard) | |||
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anthraquinone | ||
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anthraquinone | ||
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Anthrachinon | ||
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anthraquinon | ||
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antrachinone | ||
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antraquinona | ||
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antrachinon | ||
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antrachinon | ||
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Record last updated: | 30/12/2020 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |