| molinate (Ref: OMS 1373) |
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Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
SUMMARY
Molinate is a selective thiocarbamate herbicide that is not approved for use in the EU nor in the US. Molinate is highly soluble and persistent in water. It is also quite volatile. It would not normally be persistent in soil systems. It is moderately toxic to humans, is a cholinesterase inhibitor, may cause negative fertility/reproduction effects and is an irritant. It is moderately toxic to most fauna and flora. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for molinate
Description: A herbicide used to control germinating broad-leaved and grassy weeds in paddy fields and on some other crops
Example pests controlled: Broad-leaved weeds; Grasses
Example applications: Rice paddy fields; Beet crops
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1964, USA
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Portugal |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C9H17NOS |
| Canonical SMILES | CCSC(=O)N1CCCCCC1 |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | DEDOPGXGGQYYMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C9H17NOS/c1-2-12-9(11)10-7-5-3-4-6-8-10/h2-8H2,1H3 |
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide | |||
| Substance group | Thiocarbamate | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | 950 g/kg | |||
| Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - None declared | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Selective, systemic absorbed by roots and translocated. Inhibition of lipid synthesis. | |||
| CAS RN | 2212-67-1 | |||
| EC number | 218-661-0 | |||
| CIPAC number | 235 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 041402 | |||
| PubChem CID | 16653 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 187.3 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |||
| IUPAC name | S-ethyl azepane-1-carbothioate | |||
| CAS name | S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate | |||
| Other status information | Potential groundwater contaminant | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | N | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | 8 | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Echinochloa crus-galli Echinochloa oryzicola |
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| Physical state | Clear liquid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Available as emulsifiable liquids and granules. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for molinate
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 1100 | A5 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | Miscible | A5 - Methanol | - | |
| Miscible | A5 - Acetone | - | ||
| Miscible | A5 - Ethyl acetate | - | ||
| Miscible | A5 - Hexane | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | -25 | A5 - Freezing point | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | 278 | A5 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 7.24 X 1002 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 2.86 | A5 | Moderate | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.063 | A5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | Not applicable | A5 | - | |
| Note: No dissociation | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 500 | A5 | Highly volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 6.87 X 10-01 | A5 | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
2.49 | Calculated | Transition state | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 1.35 X 10-01 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | 200nm, no absorption >290nm | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 28 | A5 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 28 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 12.5 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | 62 | A5 | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Data for flooded conditions | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 | - |
| Note | Estimated at 5-10% hydrolysis under field conditions | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 365 | A5 | Very persistent |
| Note | Stable pH 5 to pH 7 at 25 and 50 degC | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 61 | A5 | Moderately fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 4 | A5 | Moderately fast | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | A5 | Moderately mobile |
| Koc | 190 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier Koc range 121-206 mL/g | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | No | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| molinate sulfoxide | Soil | 0.066 | Minor fraction, Relevant | |
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| carboxymolinate | - | - | - | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 72 | F4 | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 483 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 1 | A5 Rat | High |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 389 | A5 Anas platyrhynchos | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | 2500 mg kg feed-1 | A5 Anas platyrhynchos | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 16 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.39 | A4 Oncorhynchus mykiss, 73 day | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 14.9 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.38 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 1.8 | F3 Americamysis bahia | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | 7.7 | A5 Lemna gibba | Moderate | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.5 | A5 Raphidocelis subcapitata | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 11.0 | A5 | Moderate | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 289 | A5 | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 95 | Mortality Dose: 4.5 kg ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi, adult |
- | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 100 | Mortality Dose: 4.5 kg ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri, adult female |
- | |
| Soil micro-organisms | Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 Dose: 10 kg ha-1 |
- | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for molinate
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 483 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 4350 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 1.39 | A5 Rat (nose only) | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.008 | A5, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.1 | A5 Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.008 | A5, SF=100 | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | 2.2 | A5 | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified | ||
| Occupational | No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.006 mg/L | UK EA QS database, 2018 | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | May cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea if ingested May cause respiratory failure if inhaled USEPA - some evidence to suggest possible human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Reproductive tract damage, reduction of fertility |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1 |
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| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H302, H317, H332, H351, H361f, H373 Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
Carcinogen category 3: R40 Reproduction risk category 3: R63 Xn - Harmful: R20/22, R43, R48/22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S36/37, S46, S60, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | IV | - | Caution - Not acutely toxic | |
| UN Number | Usually 2902 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | molinate |
| French | molinate |
| German | Molinat |
| Danish | molinate |
| Italian | molinate |
| Spanish | molinato |
| Greek | molinate |
| Slovenian | molinat |
| Polish | molinat |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | molinat |
| Dutch | molinaat |
Record last updated: Wednesday 23 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk