Penoxsulam (Ref: XDE 638) |
![]() Last updated: 25/02/2021 |
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(Also known as: DE 638; DASH-001; DASH-1100) |
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A new post-emergence herbicide used on rice crops for the control of broad-leaved weeds, aquatic weeds and certain grasses | |
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Sedges; Broad-leaved weeds including loosestrife, chickweed and clover; Aquatic weeds including water plaintain and water hyacinth; Certain grasses including barnyardgrass, young watergrass, annual blackgrass and buckwheat | |
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Lawns; Rice; Cereals; Orchards; Olives | |
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Current | |
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2004, Turkey |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Italy/Poland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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31/07/2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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C₁₆H₁₄F₅N₅O₅S | |
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COC1=CN=C(N2C1=NC(=N2)NS(=O)(=O)C3=C(C=CC=C3OCC(F)F)C(F)(F)F)OC | |
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No data | |
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SYJGKVOENHZYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C16H14F5N5O5S/c1-29-10-6-22-15(30-2)26-13(10)23-14(24-26)25-32(27,28)12-8(16(19,20)21)4-3-5-9(12)31-7-11(17)18/h3-6,11H,7H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25)/f/h25H | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Triazopyrimidine | |
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980 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - Bis-CHYMP, max content 0.5g kg⁻¹ | |
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Synthetic | |
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Broad spectrum, absorbed mainly by leaves and, to lesser extent, roots and translocated, exhibits knockdown and residual control. Inhibits plant amino acid synthesis - acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS. | |
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219714-96-2 | |
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758 | |
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119031 | |
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11784975 | |
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483.37 | |
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3-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene-2-sulfonamide | |
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2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide | |
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B | |
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2 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Echinochloa crus-galli | |
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Off-white to pale pink solid | |
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Formulations |
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Used as a broadcast spray |
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408 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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20300 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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1480 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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35 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) n-Octanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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15300 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetonitrile5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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212 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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214 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2.50 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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-0.602 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.61 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
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5.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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2.49 X 10-11 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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2.94 X 10-14 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: 284nm = 9530 Acidic solution: 251nm = 7450, 284nm = 9520 Basic solution: 228nm = 44300, 284nm = 9380 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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32 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
Moderately persistent | |||||||
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32 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately persistent | ||||||||
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5.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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107 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | ||||||||
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EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 22-58 days, DT₉₀ range 74-192 day, Field studies DT₅₀ range 5.6-6.1 days; Literature lab values DT₅₀ range 4.8-10.6 days (anaerobic, global), 22-118 days (aerobic global), 6.6 days (anaerobic EU), 22-58 days (aerobic, EU) | ||||||||||
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2.8 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.1-4.4 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2 | ||||||||||
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2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | |||||||
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Main degradation route in water | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable under all normal environmental conditions | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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1.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Mobile | |||||||
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73.2 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 0.13-1.44 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 13-305 mL g⁻¹, Soils=17; Literature Koc 12-1141 mL g⁻¹ (global), 12-305 mL g⁻¹ (EU) | ||||||||||
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1.27 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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94 | ||||||||||
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0.91 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kf range 0.16-4.69, Kfoc range 10-382 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.80-1.09, Soils=12 | ||||||||||
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Sorption increases with decreasing pH |
Fate indices |
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1.56 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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5.02 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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Soil | 0.405 | Major fraction, Relevant | |||||
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Soil | 0.530 | Major fraction, Relevant |
Other known metabolites |
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(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamic acid | TPSA | Water (Photolysis) | 0.560 | - | |||||
5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-amine | 2-amino-TP | Water (Photolysis) | 0.230 | - | |||||
3-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-2-[(5-hydroxy-8-methoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl]benzoic acid | PCA-5-OH | Water/sediment | - | - | |||||
3-({[2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-?-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}amino)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid | OH-BSTCA | Water/sediment | - | - | |||||
2-hydroxyphenyl-penoxsulam: N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide | 2-hydroxyphenyl-penoxsulam | Unknown | - | - | |||||
2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide | BST | Soil; Plants | - | - |
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100 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Threshold for concern | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 2025 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 804 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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10.2 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Pimephales promelas4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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98.3 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.95 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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114 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Americamysis bahia4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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61.0 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Chironomus riparius4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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810 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Chironomus riparius4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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0.003 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Lemna gibba4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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6.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Sugarbeet5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Seedling emergence, EC₅₀, shoot weight as g ha⁻¹ |
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6.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Soybean5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Vegetative vigour, shoot weight, EC₅₀ as g ha⁻¹ |
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0.49 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Anabaena flos-aquae4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 1000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Eisenia foetida4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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> 1000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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40 | >, 48 hour A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0 / 26 | Mortality / Fecundity [Dose: 40 g ha⁻¹] L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Aphidius rhopalosiphi3 = Unverified data of known source |
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7.46 | Fecundity A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0 / 8.2 | Mortality / Fecundity [Dose: 40 g ha⁻¹] L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Typhlodromus pyri3 = Unverified data of known source |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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5000 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rabbit 4 = Verified data |
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3.5 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets Rat4 = Verified data |
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0.05 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not allocated | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.18 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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10 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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List II | - | - | ||||||||
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Acceptable for proposed uses | |||||||||
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Acceptable for proposed uses | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Possible blood, liver and kidney toxicant USEPA - some evidence to suggest possible human carcinogen |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive or oxidising | |||
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Environment: H400, H410 | |||
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N - Dangerous for the environment: R50/53 | |||
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S57 | |||
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U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard) | |||
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penoxsulam | ||
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penoxsulame | ||
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Penoxsulam | ||
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penoxsulam | ||
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penoxsulam | ||
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penoxsulam | ||
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penoksulam | ||
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Record last updated: | 25/02/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |