Phorate (Ref: ENT 24042)

Phorate (Ref: ENT 24042)	Last updated: 08/02/2023
(Also known as: timet; AC 3911)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Potential for particle bound transport: High	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide used to control leaf miners, leaf beetles, whiteflies, certain nematodes and other pests

Example pests controlled

Leaf miners; Leaf beetles; Whiteflies; Nematodes; Mites; Rootworms

Example applications

Pine forests; Corn; Cotton; Some ornamentals; Vegetables including brassicas, beans, potatoes

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1954

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₇H₁₇O₂PS₃

Canonical SMILES

CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSCC

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C7H17O2PS3/c1-4-8-10(11,9-5-2)13-7-12-6-3/h4-7H2,1-3H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Acaricide, Nematicide

Substance groups

Organophosphate insecticide; Organophosphate acaricide; Organophosphate nematicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

CAS RN

298-02-2

EC number

206-052-2

CIPAC number

173

US EPA chemical code

057201

PubChem CID

4790

CLP index number

015-033-00-6

Molecular mass

260.4

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

O,O-diethyl S-ethylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate

CAS name

O,O-diethyl S-((ethylthio)methyl) phosphorodithioate

Other status information

Severe Marine Pollutant; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972; Chemical subject to PIC regulations

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Myzus persicae, Psilia rosae, Tetranychus hydrangaea, Tetranychus urticae

Physical state

Clear pale yellow liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgroCare
Amvac Chemical Group
King Tech Corp
Amercian Cyanamid

Example products using this active

Thimet
Phorate
Rampart
Thimenox

Formulation and application details

Usually suppled as an emulsifiable concentrate or granules

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

Methanol

Miscible

Ethanol

Miscible

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

-15

Product

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

110

(closed cup)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

7.24 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.86

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.17

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

112

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

5.90 X 10^-01

Moderately volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Lab studies DT₅₀ 2-9 weeks, field DT₅₀ 14-18 days USA; Other sources: 50-90 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

7.7

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.4-16.1 days, 5 field crops, various matrices, n=5

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

1.1

Moderately fast

Note

Degraded by UV light

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

3.2

Non-persistent

Note

pH sensitive: Stable pH 5 to pH 6, DT₅₀ 3.9 days at pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Slightly mobile

K_oc

1660

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

0.89

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.40

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

3.52 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

High

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

483

(Whole fish Other literature Log BCF range 0.5-1.1 (R3))

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

phorate sulfoxide

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

phorate sulfone

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2.0

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2.25

Anas platyrhynchos

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

20.8

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.32

Apis mellifera 24hr

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 0.43

Apis mellifera 24hr

High

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 1.0

Bombus terrestris

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.013

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0002

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.004

Daphnia magna

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.00033

Americamysis bahia

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.081

Chironomus riparius 2 day EC₅₀

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

1.3

Unknown species

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2.0

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2.5

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.06

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0007

JMPR 2004

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.003

JMPR 2004

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

May be absorbed through the skin
Highly toxic by skin contact

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Very toxic

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H312
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

Ia (Extremely hazardous)

UN Number

3018

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

phorate

French

phorate

German

Phorat

Danish

phorat

Italian

forate

Spanish

forato

Greek

phorate

Polish

forat

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

foraat

Record last updated:	08/02/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242