| phorate (Ref: ENT 24042) |
 |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for phorate
Description: An insecticide used to control leaf miners, leaf beetles, whiteflies, certain nematodes and other pests
Example pests controlled: Leaf miners; Leaf beetles; Whiteflies; Nematodes; Mites; Rootworms
Example applications: Pine forests; Corn; Cotton; Some ornamentals; Vegetables including brassicas, beans, potatoes
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1954
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | UK |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also used in: Australia
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Acaricide, Nematicide | |||
| Substance group | Organophosphate | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. | |||
| CAS RN | 298-02-2 | |||
| EC number | 206-052-2 | |||
| CIPAC number | 173 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 057201 | |||
| Isomerism | - | |||
| Chemical formula | C7H17O2PS3 | |||
| SMILES | S=P(OCC)(SCSCC)OCC | |||
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C7H17O2PS3/c1-4-8-10(11,9-5-2)13-7-12-6-3/h4-7H2,1-3H3 | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 260.4 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |||
| IUPAC name | O,O-diethyl S-ethylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate | |||
| CAS name | O,O-diethyl S-((ethylthio)methyl) phosphorodithioate | |||
| Other status information | Severe Marine Pollutant | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 1B | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Leptinotarsa decemlineata Myzus persicae Psilia rosae Tetranychus hydrangaea Tetranychus urticae |
|||
| Physical state | Clear pale yellow liquid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
|
|||
| Example products using this active |
|
|||
| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | Usually suppled as an emulsifiable concentrate or granules. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for phorate
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 50 | B5 | Moderate | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | Miscible | L3 - Methanol | - | |
| Miscible | L3 - Ethanol | - | ||
| Miscible | L3 - Acetone | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | -15 | L2 - Product | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | 110 | L3 - (closed cup) | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 7.24 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.86 | B5 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.17 | B5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 112 | B5 | Highly volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 5.90 X 10-01 | L3 | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.25 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 2.77 X 10-02 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | High | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 63 | B5 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 40 | B4 | Moderately persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 63 | B5 | Moderately persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Lab studies DT50 2-9 weeks, field DT50 14-18 days USA; Other sources: 50-90 days | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | 7.7 | R4 | - |
| Note | Published literature RL50 range 1.4-16.1 days, 5 field crops, various matrices, n=5 | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 1.1 | L3 | Moderately fast |
| Note | Degraded by UV light | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 3.2 | L3 | Non-persistent |
| Note | pH sensitive: Stable pH 5 to pH 6, DT50 3.9 days at pH 9 | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | B5 | Slightly mobile |
| Koc | 1660 | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 0.89 | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| phorate sulfoxide | Soil | - | ||
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| phorate sulfone | - | - | - | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 483 | F4 (Whole fish, Other literature Log BCF range 0.5-1.1 (R3)) | Threshold for concern |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.0 | F4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | L3 Rat | - |
| (ppm diet) | 6 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.25 | B5 Anas platyrhynchos | High | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.013 | B5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | High | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.0002 | Q2 Oncorhynchus mykiss | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.004 | B5 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.00033 | F4 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.081 | F3 Chironomus riparius, 2 day EC50 | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 1.3 | A4 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | 0.32 | F3 Apis mellifera, 24hr | High |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 0.43 | F3 Apis mellifera, 24hr | High | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 20.8 | B5 Eisenia foetida | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for phorate
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.0 | F4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | 2.5 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.06 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.0007 | JMPR 2004 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.003 | JMPR 2004 | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | List I; List II | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | [LT TWA 8hr: 0.05 mg/m3], [ST 15 mins: 0.2 mg/m3] | MEL UK HSE | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | May be absorbed through the skin Highly toxic by skin contact |
|||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|||
| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
|||
| General human health issues | Very toxic | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H302, H312 Environment: H400, H410 |
|||
| EC Risk Classification |
T+ - Very toxic: R27/28 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
|||
| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S28, S36/37, S45, S60, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | Ia | - | Extremely hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | I | - | Danger - Highly toxic | |
| UN Number | 3018 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | phorate |
| French | phorate |
| German | Phorat |
| Danish | phorat |
| Italian | forate |
| Spanish | forato |
| Greek | phorate |
| Slovenian | forat |
| Polish | forat |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | foraat |
Record last updated: Friday 26 January 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk