benalaxyl (Ref: M 9834) ** benalaxil ** Translations

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SUMMARY

Benalaxyl is a fungicide that has EU approval for use and is widely used. It has a low aqueous solubility, is quite volatile and a low potential for bioaccumulation. It is non-mobile, moderately persistent in soil systems but may be persistent in water systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals but would not be expected to bioaccumulate. It is moderately toxic to most aquatic organisms, honey bees and earthworms but less so to birds.

GENERAL INFORMATION
for benalaxyl

Description: A phenylamide (acylalanine) fungicide used to control Oomycetes

Example pests controlled: Blue mould; Late blight; Downey mildew

Example applications: Tomatoes; Hops; Grapes; Lettuce; Peppers; Potatoes; Tobacco; Onions; Strawberries; Sunflowers; Soybeans; Turf; Ornamentals and flowers;

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 1981

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Portugal
Date inclusion expires	31/07/2017

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia

General status:

Pesticide type	Fungicide
Substance group	Acylamino acid
Minimum active substance purity	960 g/kg
Known relevant impurities	EU dossier - None declared
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic with protective, curative and eradicant action. Disrupts fungal nucleic acid synthesis - RNA ploymerase 1
CAS RN	71626-11-4
EC number	275-728-7
CIPAC number	416
US EPA chemical code	127001
Chiral molecule	Chiral, a specific isomer or a derivative of a chiral molecule
Chemical formula	C20H23NO3
SMILES	O=C(N(c1c(cccc1C)C)C(C(=O)OC)C)Cc2ccccc2
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	CJPQIRJHIZUAQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C9H6ClNO3S/c10-5-2-1-3-6-8(5)11(4-7(12)13)9(14)15-6/h1-3H,4H2,(H,12,13)
Structure diagram/image available?	Yes
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	325.40
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	methyl N-(phenylacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate
IUPAC name	methyl N-(phenylacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate
CAS name	methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(phenylacetyl)-DL-alaninate
Other status information	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	4
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	Colourless solid
Related substances & organisms	mancozeb folpet

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Interfarm Sipcam FCC Ltd King Tech ISAGRO S.p.A. Farmoplant
Example products using this active	Galben M Tairel
UK LERAP status	None
Formulation and application details	Available in a variety of formulations including suspension concentrates, granules, wettable powders and as a slurry for seed treatment.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for benalaxyl

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		28.6	A5	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		19400	A5 - n-Heptane	-
		250000	A5 - Methanol	-
		250000	A5 - Acetone	-
		250000	A5 - Ethyl acetate	-
Melting point (oC)		76.8	A5	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A5	-
Degradation point (oC)		250	A5	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	3.47 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.54	A5	High
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.18	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		Not applicable	A5	-
		Note: No dissociation
Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa)		0.572	A5	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		6.50 X 10-03	A5	Non-volatile
Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless)		2.67 X 10-06	Calculated	Moderately volatile
GUS leaching potential index		1.91	Calculated	Transition state
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	6.56 X 10-02	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Low
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		203nm, No absorption at 290nm	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		47.0	A5	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	33.2	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	33.2	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (field)	66.8	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	-	-	-
	DT90 (field)	222	A5	-
	Note	EU RAR 20176: Lab studies DT50 range 18.1-57.8 days, DT90 range 60.2 days - >1 year, Soils=14; Field studies DT50 range 26.6-127.6 days, DT90 range 88.2-424 days, Soils=5
Plant matrix DT50 (days)	Value	3.2	R4	-
	Note	DT50 range 0.45 - 4.6 days, 5 plants/crops, various matrices
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	365	A5	Very persistent
	Note	Stable at pH 4 to pH 7, at pH 9 DT50 = 157 days at 20 degC, 86 days at 25 degC, 55 days at 50 degC and < 1 day at 70 degC
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		168.2	A5	Slow
Water phase only DT50 (days)		38	A5	Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	71.0	A5	Non-mobile
	Koc	4998
	Notes and range	EU dossier Kd range 49.1-108 mL/g, Koc range 2728-7173 mL/g, Soils=3
Freundlich	Kf	8.05	A5	Slightly mobile
	Kfoc	555
	1/n	0.630
	Notes and range	EU RAR 2016: Kf range 7.77-8.33 mL/g, Kfoc range 555-707 mL/g, 1/n range 0.630-0.714, Soils=2
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	91/414 relevancy
methyl-N-malonyl-N-2,6-xylyl-DL-alaninate		Soil	0.452	Major fraction, Relevant
N-malonyl-N-2,6-xylyl-DL-alanine		Soil	0.341	Major fraction, Relevant
benalaxyl acid		Soil	0.101	Major fraction; Relevant

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for benalaxyl

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	57	A5	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		680	A5 Mouse	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	-	A5 Rat	-
	(ppm diet)	100		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		4600	A4 Unknown species	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		> 5000 ppm	A4 Unknown species	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		3.75	A4 Unknown species	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.49	A4 Unknown species	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		0.59	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.03	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		3.13	A5 Chironomus riparius	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		2.4	A5 Raphidocelis subcapitata	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees	Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	-	-	-
	Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 100	A5	Low
	Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		180	A5 Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		36.4	A5 Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	3.0	Mortality Dose: 0.48 kg ha-1 A5 Phytoseiulus persimilis	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	75.3	Mortality at 1DA4T A5 Typhlodromus pyri, adult	-
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect	A5 Dose: 1.65 mg kg-1 soil	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for benalaxyl

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		680	A5 Mouse	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rabbit	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		> 4.2	A4 Rat (nose only)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.04	A5	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		None allocated	A5	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.06	A5 Rat, 90 day, SF=100	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		0.7-18	A5 concentration dependant	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	Minimal risk of dietary exposure
	Occupational	Risk of exposure acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
				-
General human health issues		Possible liver toxicant

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		Not explosive A weak oxidising agent
CLP classification 2013		Environment: H400, H410 Health: H302
EC Risk Classification		N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification		S61, S60
WHO Classification		III	-	Slightly hazardous
US EPA Classification (formulation)		III	-	Caution - Slightly toxic
UN Number		Usually 3077
Waste disposal & packaging		-

TRANSLATIONS
for benalaxyl

Language	Name
English	benalaxyl
French	benalaxil
German	Benalaxyl
Danish	benalaxyl
Italian	benalaxil
Spanish	benalaxil
Greek	benalaxyl
Slovenian	benalaksil
Polish	benalaksyl
Swedish	-
Hungarian	benalaxyl
Dutch	benalaxyl

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Record last updated: Friday 24 February 2017
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk