Sulfotep (Ref: ENT 16273)	Last updated: 25/05/2018
(Also known as: sulfotepp; dithio; dithione; thiotep; TEDP)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	An insecticide and acaracide fumigant used to control chewing and sucking insects. It is also an impurity of chlorpyrifos.
Example pests controlled	Aphids; Thrips; Spider mites; Whiteflies
Example applications	Greenhouses
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Unknown
Introduction & key dates	1945

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Expired
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	-
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C₈H₂₀O₅P₂S₂
Canonical SMILES	CCOP(=S)(OCC)OP(=S)(OCC)OCC
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	XIUROWKZWPIAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C8H20O5P2S2/c1-5-9-14(16,10-6-2)13-15(17,11-7-3)12-8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Insecticide, Acaricide
Substance group	Organophosphate
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Non-systemic with contact and respiratory action. Inhibitor of cholinesterase
CAS RN	3689-24-5
EC number	222-995-2
CIPAC number	198
US EPA chemical code	079501
PubChem CID	19395
Molecular mass	322.32
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	O1,O1,O3,O3-tetraethyl 1,3-dithiodiphosphate
IUPAC name	O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl dithiopyrophosphate
CAS name	thiodiphosphoric acid (((HO)2P(S))2O) tetraethyl ester
Other status information	Marine Pollutant
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	1B
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Myzus persicae, Tetranychus urticae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Physical state	Pale yellow liquid
Related substances & organisms	chlorpyrifos

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Biadafum Dithio Thiotepp
Example products using this active	Bayer
Formulation and application details	Usually used as a fumigant

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		10	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		Miscible	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Acetone	-
		Miscible	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Xylene	-
		Miscible	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Methanol	-
Melting point (°C)		Not applicable	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	9.77 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.99	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.2	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		-	-	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		14	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Highly volatile
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		4.50 X 10-01	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	28	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	General literature DT₅₀ range 14-42 days (R3)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	1.5	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-2.0 days, leaves from 2 field grown crops, n=2
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	Stable	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Stable
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	8.2	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-persistent
	Note	pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 10.7 days at pH 4, 9.1 days at pH 9, all at 22 °C
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	W3 W = French database provided by ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal 3 = Unverified data of known source	Slightly mobile
	Koc	740
	Notes and range	Literature values give Koc between 600 and 5000 mL g⁻¹
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		1.64	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	4.43 X 10-02	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Low	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Slightly mobile	Calculated	-

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
monosulfotep	-	Soil	-	-
tetraethyl pyrophosphate	-	Soil	-	-
O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate	-	Plant; Rat (Urinary)	-	-
diethyl phosphate	-	Plant	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	CT₅₀ (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		5.0	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Rat	High
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Rat 2 year	-
	(ppm diet)	10		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 25	V2 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Gallus gallus	High
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.00361	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss	High
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.002	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		> 7.2	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Scenedemus subspicatus	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		5.0	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Rat	High
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		65.0	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.05	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat (aerosol)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.001	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		List I; List II	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data No data found Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant No data found ✓Yes, known to cause a problem ✓Yes, known to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser No data found No data found No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		No further information available

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	No information available
CLP classification 2013	Health: H310, H300 Environment: H400
EC Risk Classification	T+ - Very toxic: R27/28 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification	S1/2, S23, S28, S36/37, S45, S60, S61
WHO Classification	Ia (Extremely hazardous)
UN Number	1704
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	sulfotep
French	sulfotep
German	Sulfotep
Danish	sulfotep
Italian	sulfotep
Spanish	sulfotep
Greek	sulfotep
Polish	sulfotep
Swedish	sulfotep
Hungarian	sulfotep
Dutch	sulfotep

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Record last updated:	25/05/2018
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242