Thiacloprid (Ref: YRC 2894)

Thiacloprid (Ref: YRC 2894)	Last updated: 13/01/2021
(Not known by any other names)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A chloronicotinyl insecticide for use on apples and other crops to control sucking and chewing insects

Example pests controlled

Aphids; Pollen beetles; Blossom midge; Codling moth; Wireworm; Fruit fly

Example applications

Apples; Pears; Some citrus crops; Brussel sprouts; Cabbage; Cauliflower; Carrot; Parsnip; Peas; Potato; Oilseed rape

Efficacy & activity

Efficiacy demonstrated by field trials and extensive use

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1999, first registered Brazil; 2003 USA

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Phasing out

Date COPR inclusion expires

UK LERAP status

None (may vary with mixtures)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

UK/Germany

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Period of grace

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Yes - endocrine disrupting properties

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Isomeric - exists in the E- and Z- forms. Technical products are predominately comprised of the Z- form.

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₉CIN₄S

Canonical SMILES

C1CSC(=NC#N)N1CC2=CN=C(C=C2)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

HOKKPVIRMVDYPB-UVTDQMKNSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H9ClN4S/c11-9-2-1-8(5-13-9)6-15-3-4-16-10(15)14-7-12/h1-2,5H,3-4,6H2/b14-10-

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
thiacloprid	Unstated isomer

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Molluscicide

Substance group

Neonicotinoid

Minimum active substance purity

975 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU and FAO dossiers - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Contact and stomach action with some systemic properties. Acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist.

CAS RN

111988-49-9

EC number

CIPAC number

631

US EPA chemical code

014019

PubChem CID

115224

Molecular mass

252.72

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

((2Z)-3-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}cyanamide

IUPAC name

(Z)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide

CAS name

(Z)-(3-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene)cyanamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Physical state

White to beige crystalline powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Biscaya
Calypso
Exemptor
Topstar
Sonido

Example products using this active

Bayer CropScience
Scotts
Standon

Formulation and application details

Formulations include seed treatments, oil dispersions, soluble concentrates and granules

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

184

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

100

n-Hexane

300

Xylene

64000

Acetone

9400

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

134

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

250

Flashpoint (°C)

Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.82 X 10⁰¹

Calculated

Log P

1.26

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.46

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

3.00 X 10^-07

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.8 X 10^-10

calculated

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No absorption above 290nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

72.9

at 20°C 99%

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

0.88

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

0.88

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

8.1

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

4.3

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

39.2

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2017 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 0.33-2.58 days, DT₉₀ (actual) range 1.1-11.1 days, Soils=6; Field studies DT₅₀ (actual) range 5.95-16.8 days, DT₉₀ (actual) range 19.8-55.9 days, Soils=8; Other sources: 15 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

8.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.1-11.3 days, 3 field grown crops, various matrices, n=4

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

3.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.7-9.0 days, 9 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=13

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

14.8

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

1000

Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

4.41

Slightly mobile

K_foc

615

¹/_n

0.875

Notes and range

EU 2017 dossier K_f range 1.14-5.76 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 393-870 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.833-0.914, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.10

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.18 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

thiacloprid-amide (Ref: KK02254)

Soil

0.867

Major fraction, Relevant

thiacloprid sulfonic acid (Ref: BCS-AB54351)

Soil

0.197

Major fraction, Relevant

thiacloprid-des-cyano (Ref: AE 1303449)

Soil

0.332

Major fraction, Relevant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

177

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 7.3

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

> 100

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

2.7

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

High

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Serinus canaria

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 2250 mg kg feed⁻¹

Coturnix japonica

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

3.73

Anas platyrhynchos NOAEL

High

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 90.1

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.17

Pimephales promelas 33 day

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 85.1

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.58

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0006

Mysidopsis bahia EC10

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

0.001

Chironomus riparius

High

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

95.4

Lemna gibba

Low

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

60.6

Selenastrum capricornutum

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

38.82

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

17.32

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.16

Osmia bicornis

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

0.007

Nannotrigona perilampoides

High

Mode of exposure

Contact

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

105

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

62.5

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

0.4

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

0.33

Typhlodromus pyri

% Effect

30 / 30

Mortality / Beneficial capacity [Dose: 0.4 kg ha⁻¹]
Typhlodromus pyri

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 2.57 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 days

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

177

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.2

Rat 4hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.01

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

Rat SF=100

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.02

Rabbit SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.0-14.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Minimal risk from dietary exposure
Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded

Occupational

European MRLs

EU MRL pesticide database

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Possible liver and thyroid toxicant
USEPA - probable human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H301, H332, H336, H351, H360fd
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

Xn - Harmful: R20/22
N - Dangerous for the environment: R52/53

EC Safety Classification

S60

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Variable with product, usually 2902 or 3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

thiacloprid

French

thiacloprid

German

Thiacloprid

Danish

thiacloprid

Italian

tiacloprid

Spanish

tiacloprid

Greek

Polish

tiachlopryd

Swedish

tiakloprid

Hungarian

tiakloprid

Dutch

thiacloprid

Record last updated:	13/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242