| benodanil (Ref: BAS 3170) |
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SUMMARY
Benodanil is an obsolete fungicide without EU approval for use. It has a low aqueous solubility, is volatile and, based on its chemical properties, is not expected to leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in soil systems. It is not highly toxic to mammals. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for benodanil
Description: An obsolete fungicide once used mainly to control fungal diseases on cereals and other crops
Example pests controlled: Rust; Loose smuts; Bunt; Foot rot
Example applications: Cereals including wheat, barley; Vegetables; Ornamentals; Coffee; Rice; Soybeans; Tobacco; Turf; Potatoes
Availability status: Obsolete
Introduction & key dates: circa 1974
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | - |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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General status:
| Pesticide type | Fungicide | |||
| Substance group | Anilide | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Systemic, inhibits mitochondrial function by disrupting complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) in the respiratory electron transport chain. | |||
| CAS RN | 15310-01-7 | |||
| EC number | 239-352-7 | |||
| CIPAC number | 551 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | - | |||
| Chiral molecule | No | |||
| Chemical formula | C13H10INO | |||
| SMILES | O=C(Nc1ccccc1)c2ccccc2I | |||
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | LJOZMWRYMKECFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C13H10INO/c14-12-9-5-4-8-11(12)13(16)15-10-6-2-1-3-7-10/h1-9H,(H,15,16) | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 323.13 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | 2-iodo-N-phenylbenzamide | |||
| IUPAC name | 2-iodobenzanilide | |||
| CAS name | 2-iodo-N-phenylbenzamide | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | 7 | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Colourless crystalline solid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | No longer available but was usually supplied as a wettable powder. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for benodanil
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 20 | H4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 401000 | L3 - Acetone | - | |
| 120000 | L3 - Ethyl acetate | - | ||
| 93000 | L3 - Ethanol | - | ||
| 77000 | L3 - Chloroform | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 137 | Q3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 5.25 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.72 | Q2 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.7 | Q2 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 0.01 | H4 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.6 X 10-04 | L3 | Non-volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | 6.63 X 10-08 | Calculated | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.63 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 4.30 X 10-02 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 25 | M4 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | 25 | Q2 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note | Literature studies report DT50 2-4 wks in loamy and humous sandy soil | |||
| Plant matrix DT50 (days) | Value | 6.7 | R4 | - |
| Note | DT50 range 3.5 - 10.2 days, tobacco, various matrics | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | H3 | Slightly mobile |
| Koc | 680 | |||
| Notes and range | best available data | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | - | - | - |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 6400 | V3 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 6.4 | Q3 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for benodanil
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 6400 | V3 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | Q3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
- |
- |
- |
- |
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
- |
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- |
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- |
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| General human health issues | No further information available | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | - | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Not classified: Obsolete | |||
| EC Safety Classification |
Not classified: Obsolete | |||
| WHO Classification | O/U | - | - | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | No consensus across products or no products available | - | - | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | benodanil |
| French | benodanil |
| German | Benodanil |
| Danish | benodanil |
| Italian | benodanil |
| Spanish | benodanil |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | benodanil |
| Polish | benodanil |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Saturday 13 August 2016
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk