Boscalid (Ref: BAS 510F)

Boscalid (Ref: BAS 510F)	Last updated: 12/01/2021
(Also known as: nicobifen; BAS 510)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide active against a broad range of fungal pathogens in a wide range of crops including vegetables and other crops

Example pests controlled

Alternaria blight; Botrytis; Powdery mildew; Purple blotch; Rust; Leaf spot; Target spot; Grey mould; Stem rot

Example applications

Vegetables including beans, brassicas, onions, garlic, shallots, peas, carrots, turnips; Soybeans; Fruits including grapes, apples, pears, strawberries; Tree nuts

Efficacy & activity

Soybean/Brown spot=High; Soybean/White mould=Moderate

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2002, Chile, Korea and UK; 2003, USA

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/07/2024

UK LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Slovakia/France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/07/2021

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Also used in

Australia; USA

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₁₈H₁₂Cl₂N₂O

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)NC(=O)C3=C(N=CC=C3)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C18H12Cl2N2O/c19-13-9-7-12(8-10-13)14-4-1-2-6-16(14)22-18(23)15-5-3-11-21-17(15)20/h1-11H,(H,22,23)/f/h22H

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance group

Carboxamide

Minimum active substance purity

960 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - none declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Protectant, foliar absorption, translocates, inhibits spore germination and germ tude elongation. Succinate DeHydrogenase Inhibitor.

CAS RN

188425-85-6

EC number

CIPAC number

673

US EPA chemical code

128008

PubChem CID

213013

Molecular mass

343.21

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-chloro-N-(4'-chloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide

IUPAC name

2-chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)nicotinamide

CAS name

2-chloro-N-(4'-chloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White crystalline powder

Related substances & organisms

epoxiconazole

pyraclostrobin

fatty alcohol ethoxylate

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Filan
Signum
Splice
Tracker
Venture
Emerald
Bosco WG

Example products using this active

BASF
Goldengrass

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as soluble granules which are mixed with water and applied as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

4.6

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

22500

Toluene

10000

1-Octanol

45000

Methanol

180000

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

140

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

300

Flashpoint (°C)

Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

9.12 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.96

Moderate

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.381

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.00072

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

5.18 X 10^-05

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

207nm = 31534, 228nm= 19834, 290nm = 1529, 300nm = 531

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

73.6

20 °C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Not readily biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

484.4

Very persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

484.4

Very persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

254

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

442

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

1000

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2018 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 103.3-1214.4 days, Soils=9; field studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 196-312.2 days, DT₉₀ (actual) >1000 days; Other Literature values DT₅₀ range 27 to 372 days (R3)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

6.9

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 5.3-8.5 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

5.1

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.3-11.0 days, 5 field and undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=7

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Not a significant degradation route

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 4 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

545

Stable

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

12.6

Slightly mobile

K_foc

772

¹/_n

0.864

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 3.3-27.8 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 507-1110 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.839-0.887, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.68

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.14 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

N-(4-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-2-hydroxynicotinamide (Ref: M510F49)

Soil

0.145

Major fraction; Relevant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

107

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

1.0

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

1165

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5000 ppm

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

25.4

Colinius virginianus NOEL

Moderate

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.7

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.125

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

5.33

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

1.3

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

> 3.9

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

3.75

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 200

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 166

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

1.2

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Folsomia candida

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

3600

>
Typhlodromus pyri

% Effect

Mortality
Typhlodromus pyri

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

3600

>
Aphidius rhopalosiphi

% Effect

Mortality
Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 6 kg ha⁻¹

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 6.7

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.04

Rat SF=100; B; EU 2008

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Not allocated

EU 2008

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Not allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.1

Dog SF=44; B; EU 2008

Dermal penetration studies (%)

2-7

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable for intended risks

Occupational

Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact

European MRLs

EU MRL pesticide database

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Liver and thyroid toxicant
USEPA - some evidence to suggest possible human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Code is usually 9

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, 410

EC Risk Classification

Carcinogen category 3: R40

EC Safety Classification

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

Usually 3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

boscalid

French

boscalid

German

Boscalid

Danish

boscalid

Italian

boscalid

Spanish

boscalid

Greek

Polish

boskalid

Swedish

boskalid

Hungarian

Dutch

boscalid

Record last updated:	12/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242