Reduced incidence of fusarium mycotoxins in food Reduce head blight inoculum Lower levels of infected crop debris on soil surface Incorporate crop residues Minimal tillage
Zero tillage
Continuous cropping (monoculture)
Use a diverse crop rotation to reduce the incidence of weeds, pests and diseases in food crops
Avoid humid conditions in crops condusive to mycotoxin production Reduce lodging in crops Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops
Establish a low plant population (less than 200 plants/m2) if drilling early (before October)
Use plant growth regulators (PGRs) on cereal crops
Control stem-base diseases
Reduced excess nitrogen accumulation in arable soils Increase vegetative uptake of nutrients by arable crops Cover crop after harvest through the winter
Improve soil structure on arable land Minimal tillage
Zero tillage
Undertake mechanical field operations on arable land when the soil is waterlogged
Loosen compacted soil layers on arable land Shallow spiking, slitting or subsoiling
Avoid mechanical field operations on arable land when the soil is waterlogged
Increase soil organic matter on arable land Incorporate crop residues Minimal tillage
Zero tillage
Do not burn crop residues
Include a grass/clover ley during the rotation
Incorporation of FYM into arable land
Reduce soil organic carbon oxidation on arable land Convert grassland to arable (by ploughing)
Zero tillage
Minimal tillage
Drain and cultivate peat soils
Cover crop after harvest through the winter
Improve arable crop establishment Arable land is left with a rough surface following operations such as ploughing, discing or tine cultivation
Improve arable crop nutrition Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops
Predict crop nutrient requirements using canopy management or chlorophyll testing
Convert arable land to extensive grassland
Apply nitrogen in excess of arable crop requirements
Solid poultry manure used on arable farms that does not have bedding mixed into it is covered with an impermeable material
Do not locate field manure heaps on arable land in the same place as an earlier one constructed within the last two years
Do not locate field manure heaps in any single position on arable land for more than 12 consecutive months
Restrict applications of nutrients to arable crops when plant uptake is low
Reduce nutrient inputs to arable land Place limits the amount of nitrogen applied to arable crops
Do not use manufactured nitrogen fertiliser
Accurate application of nutrients to arable crops Calibrate fertiliser spreader used on arable land
Accurate calculation of nutrients available in livestock manure used on arable crops
Accurate spreading of fertiliser on arable land
Regular soil nutrient testing on arable land
Predict crop nutrient requirements using canopy management or chlorophyll testing
Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops
Convert arable land to extensive grassland
Accurate application of nutrients to arable crops Calibrate fertiliser spreader used on arable land
Accurate calculation of nutrients available in livestock manure used on arable crops
Accurate spreading of fertiliser on arable land
Regular soil nutrient testing on arable land
Predict crop nutrient requirements using canopy management or chlorophyll testing
Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops
Choose a variety with a high standing power score (on the Recommended List) on lodging-prone sites
Use pest and disease resistant varieties for food crops
Reduced Ochratoxin A production on cereal grains during storage Grain is rapidly dried to below 18% moisture content (15% for long-term storage) Grain stores and well designed and maintained, have good ventilation and air flow and adequate drying capacity for the amount harvested
Achieve the correct airflow during grain drying
Use ambient air for drying grain
Use heated air for drying grain
Grain is stored damp and not dried
Avoid fungal spores being carried over between seasons Grain stores and harvesting machinery are clean and hygienic
Grain stores and harvesting machinery are not kept clean and hygienic
Grain is rapidly cooled to below 15C (and kept below 5C during winter)