Avoid humid conditions in crops condusive to mycotoxin production

Reduce lodging in crops

Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops

Establish a low plant population (less than 200 plants/m2) if drilling early (before October)

Use plant growth regulators (PGRs) on cereal crops

Control stem-base diseases

Reduced excess nitrogen accumulation in arable soils

Increase vegetative uptake of nutrients by arable crops

Cover crop after harvest through the winter

Improve soil structure on arable land

Minimal tillage

Zero tillage

Undertake mechanical field operations on arable land when the soil is waterlogged

Loosen compacted soil layers on arable land

Shallow spiking, slitting or subsoiling

Avoid mechanical field operations on arable land when the soil is waterlogged

Increase soil organic matter on arable land

Incorporate crop residues

Minimal tillage

Zero tillage

Do not burn crop residues

Include a grass/clover ley during the rotation

Incorporation of FYM into arable land

Reduce soil organic carbon oxidation on arable land

Convert grassland to arable (by ploughing)

Zero tillage

Minimal tillage

Drain and cultivate peat soils

Cover crop after harvest through the winter

Improve arable crop establishment

Arable land is left with a rough surface following operations such as ploughing, discing or tine cultivation

Improve arable crop nutrition

Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops

Predict crop nutrient requirements using canopy management or chlorophyll testing

Convert arable land to extensive grassland

Apply nitrogen in excess of arable crop requirements

Solid poultry manure used on arable farms that does not have bedding mixed into it is covered with an impermeable material

Do not locate field manure heaps on arable land in the same place as an earlier one constructed within the last two years

Do not locate field manure heaps in any single position on arable land for more than 12 consecutive months

Restrict applications of nutrients to arable crops when plant uptake is low

Reduce nutrient inputs to arable land

Place limits the amount of nitrogen applied to arable crops

Do not use manufactured nitrogen fertiliser

Accurate application of nutrients to arable crops

Calibrate fertiliser spreader used on arable land

Accurate calculation of nutrients available in livestock manure used on arable crops

Accurate spreading of fertiliser on arable land

Regular soil nutrient testing on arable land

Predict crop nutrient requirements using canopy management or chlorophyll testing

Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops

Convert arable land to extensive grassland

Accurate application of nutrients to arable crops

Calibrate fertiliser spreader used on arable land

Accurate calculation of nutrients available in livestock manure used on arable crops

Accurate spreading of fertiliser on arable land

Regular soil nutrient testing on arable land

Predict crop nutrient requirements using canopy management or chlorophyll testing

Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops

Choose a variety with a high standing power score (on the Recommended List) on lodging-prone sites