Reduce GHG emissions - nitrous oxide Reduce nitrogen losses to atmosphere Reduce nutrient inputs to arable land Place limits the amount of nitrogen applied to arable crops
Do not use manufactured nitrogen fertiliser
Accurate application of nutrients to arable crops Calibrate fertiliser spreader used on arable land
Accurate calculation of nutrients available in livestock manure used on arable crops
Accurate spreading of fertiliser on arable land
Regular soil nutrient testing on arable land
Predict crop nutrient requirements using canopy management or chlorophyll testing
Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of arable crops
Convert arable land to extensive grassland
Reduce nutrient inputs to grassland Do not use manufactured nitrogen fertiliser
Place limits the amount of nitrogen applied to grassland
Accurate application of nutrients to grassland Accurate calculation of nutrient requirements of grass/forage crops
Calibrate fertiliser spreader used on grassland
Regular soil nutrient testing on grassland
Accurate spreading of fertiliser on grassland
Accurate calculation of nutrients available in livestock manure used on grassland
Lower nitrous oxide emissions from soil Reduce nitrogen mineralisation Minimal tillage
Zero tillage
Increase soil organic matter on arable land Incorporate crop residues Minimal tillage
Zero tillage
Do not burn crop residues
Include a grass/clover ley during the rotation
Incorporation of FYM into arable land
Reduce soil organic carbon oxidation on arable land Convert grassland to arable (by ploughing)
Zero tillage
Minimal tillage
Drain and cultivate peat soils
Arable land is left with a rough surface following operations such as ploughing, discing or tine cultivation
Reduce cultivations Convert arable land to extensive grassland
Zero tillage
Minimal tillage
Convert grassland to arable (by ploughing)
Decrease denitrification Soil remains aerobic Reduce soil compaction Avoid tramlines over winter
Use low ground pressure tyres/wheels on machinery
Zero tillage
Undertake mechanical field operations on arable land when the soil is waterlogged
Avoid mechanical field operations on arable land when the soil is waterlogged
Reduced poaching by livestock Regularly change the position of supplementary feeders
Reduce overflows from livestock water troughs Ball-valves on livestock water troughs are damaged and/or not correctly set
Ensure ball-valves on livestock water troughs are not damaged and are correctly set
Avoid unsuitable supplementary feeding
Reduce livestock stocking rates
Reduce manure / urine deposition in fields Reduce manure production Increase number of ruminant livestock Convert arable land to extensive grassland
Reduce livestock stocking rates
Reduce the length of the grazing day or grazing season
Higher emissions of nitrous oxide Increase concentrate feeds in diet of ruminant livestock
Convert grassland to arable (by ploughing)