Cover crop after harvest through the winter Maintain vegetative cover on fields Reduce overland flow (by barrier) Reduce soil erosion from arable fields Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Lower losses of pesticides to aquatic environments Lower exposure of pesticides that are toxic to aquatic fauna and flora Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts
Lower exposure of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) to aquatic fauna Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - pesticides
Protection of archaeological sites and features
Reduce the deposition of soil and mud on highways adjacent to fields Highways adjacent to fields are more safe Improved road safety
Reduce sediment load in watercourses Improved spawning grounds for fish Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - improve habitat and management
Reduce flooding
Maintain/improve physical soil status
Reduce flooding
Increase vegetative uptake of nutrients by arable crops Increase nitrogen immobilisation Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce excess soil phosphorus accumulation Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Increase carbon sequestration
Reduced excess nitrogen accumulation in arable soils Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce lodging in crops Avoid humid conditions in crops condusive to mycotoxin production Reduced incidence of fusarium mycotoxins in food Food safety - pathogens
Maintain / improve crop yields Increase farm income Economic viability
Efficient use of resources - energy
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Improve cereal grain quality Maintain / improve food quality Increase farm income Economic viability
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Improve soil structure on arable land Decrease surface run-off / increase infiltration Reduce soil erosion from arable fields Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Lower losses of pesticides to aquatic environments Lower exposure of pesticides that are toxic to aquatic fauna and flora Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts
Lower exposure of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) to aquatic fauna Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - pesticides
Protection of archaeological sites and features
Reduce the deposition of soil and mud on highways adjacent to fields Highways adjacent to fields are more safe Improved road safety
Reduce sediment load in watercourses Improved spawning grounds for fish Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - improve habitat and management
Reduce flooding
Maintain/improve physical soil status
Reduce flooding
Reduce the amount of manure washed off fields into watercourses Prevent manure from entering watercourses Reduce losses of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) to water Reduced faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in water Improve water quality - biological
Avoid substances with a high BOD entering watercourses Improve surface water quality (chemical) - other
Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Reduce losses of nitrogen fertiliser via surface run-off Reduced nitrogen in water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced soil erosion from grassland or grazed fields Reduce sediment load in watercourses Improved spawning grounds for fish Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - improve habitat and management
Reduce flooding
Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Reduce the deposition of soil and mud on highways adjacent to fields Highways adjacent to fields are more safe Improved road safety
Increase vegetative uptake of nutrients by arable crops Increase nitrogen immobilisation Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce excess soil phosphorus accumulation Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Increase carbon sequestration
Reduced excess nitrogen accumulation in arable soils Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce lodging in crops Avoid humid conditions in crops condusive to mycotoxin production Reduced incidence of fusarium mycotoxins in food Food safety - pathogens
Maintain / improve crop yields Increase farm income Economic viability
Efficient use of resources - energy
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Improve cereal grain quality Maintain / improve food quality Increase farm income Economic viability
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand