Convert arable land to extensive grassland Increase vegetative uptake of nutrients by arable crops Increase nitrogen immobilisation Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce excess soil phosphorus accumulation Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Increase carbon sequestration
Reduced excess nitrogen accumulation in arable soils Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce lodging in crops Avoid humid conditions in crops condusive to mycotoxin production Reduced incidence of fusarium mycotoxins in food Food safety - pathogens
Maintain / improve crop yields Increase farm income Economic viability
Efficient use of resources - energy
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Improve cereal grain quality Maintain / improve food quality Increase farm income Economic viability
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Maintain vegetative cover on fields Reduce overland flow (by barrier) Reduce soil erosion from arable fields Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Lower losses of pesticides to aquatic environments Lower exposure of pesticides that are toxic to aquatic fauna and flora Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts
Lower exposure of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) to aquatic fauna Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - pesticides
Protection of archaeological sites and features
Reduce the deposition of soil and mud on highways adjacent to fields Highways adjacent to fields are more safe Improved road safety
Reduce sediment load in watercourses Improved spawning grounds for fish Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - improve habitat and management
Reduce flooding
Maintain/improve physical soil status
Reduce flooding
Reduce cultivations Reduce nitrogen mineralisation Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Lower nitrous oxide emissions from soil Reduce nitrogen losses to atmosphere Reduce GHG emissions - nitrous oxide
Reduce energy used for field operations Reduce direct energy use Reduction in fossil fuel use Decrease consumption of non-renewable energy sources
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions from combustion Reduce GHG emissions - carbon dioxide
Efficient use of resources - energy
Decrease farm costs Economic viability
Increase number of ruminant livestock Lower methane emissions from ruminants Reduce GHG emissions - methane
Reduce manure production Reduce manure / urine deposition in fields Reduce the amount of manure washed off fields into watercourses Prevent manure from entering watercourses Reduce losses of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) to water Reduced faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in water Improve water quality - biological
Avoid substances with a high BOD entering watercourses Improve surface water quality (chemical) - other
Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Reduce losses of nitrogen fertiliser via surface run-off Reduced nitrogen in water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced excess nitrogen accumulation in grassland soils Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce nitrogen losses to atmosphere Reduce GHG emissions - nitrous oxide
Reduce nutrient inputs to arable land Decrease farm costs Economic viability
Reduce fertiliser packaging waste Recycling, reuse and waste minimisation
Reduce nitrogen losses to atmosphere Reduce GHG emissions - nitrous oxide
Reduce excess soil phosphorus accumulation Reduced phosphorus in water Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Reduced excess nitrogen accumulation in arable soils Reduce leaching losses of nitrogen to water Reduced eutrophication Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Reduce lodging in crops Avoid humid conditions in crops condusive to mycotoxin production Reduced incidence of fusarium mycotoxins in food Food safety - pathogens
Maintain / improve crop yields Increase farm income Economic viability
Efficient use of resources - energy
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Improve cereal grain quality Maintain / improve food quality Increase farm income Economic viability
Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Reduce nitrogen fertiliser production Reduce indirect energy use Reduction in fossil fuel use Decrease consumption of non-renewable energy sources
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions from combustion Reduce GHG emissions - carbon dioxide
Decrease farm costs Economic viability
Efficient use of resources - energy
Increase carbon sequestration