Rapid incorporation of FYM and slurry into the soil (24 hours at the latest, preferably within 6 hours of application)

Decrease surface area of slurry that has been applied to land

Lower emissions of ammonia from slurry spreading

Lower emissions of ammonia

Maintain/improve air quality

Increase the degree of contact between the slurry applied and the soil

Increase the amount of ammonium-N that is bound to soil particles

Lower emissions of ammonia from slurry spreading

Lower emissions of ammonia

Maintain/improve air quality

Reduce the amount of manure washed off fields into watercourses

Prevent manure from entering watercourses

Reduce losses of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) to water

Reduced faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in water

Improve water quality - biological

Avoid substances with a high BOD entering watercourses

Improve surface water quality (chemical) - other

Reduced phosphorus in water

Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients

Reduced eutrophication

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts

Reduce losses of nitrogen fertiliser via surface run-off

Reduced nitrogen in water

Reduced eutrophication

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts

Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients