Streptomycin

Streptomycin	Last updated: 17/11/2022
(Also known as: streptomycine; streptamine; streptomycin A ; Crop antibiotic)

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Low alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Low; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Low; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Low	Human health Moderate alert: Possible Reproduction/development effects; Neurotoxicant Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

Used as a bactericidal antibiotic

Availability status

Introduction & key dates

1944, first reported; 1958, commericalised USA

Examples of species treated

Cattle, Sheep, Horses, Cats, Dogs

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A chiral molecule

Chemical formula

C₂₁H₃₉N₇O₁₂

Canonical SMILES

CC1C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(C(C2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O

Isomeric SMILES

C[C@@H]1[C@]([C@@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)N=C(N)N)O)N=C(N)N)O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)NC)(C=O)O

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-APUVXCOVSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C21H39N7O12/c1-5-21(36,4-30)16(40-17-9(26-2)13(34)10(31)6(3-29)38-17)18(37-5)39-15-8(28-20(24)25)11(32)7(27-19(22)23)12(33)14(15)35/h4-18,26,29,31-36H,3H2,1-2H3,(H4,22,23,27)(H4,24,25,28)/t5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,21+/m1/s1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Veterinary substance type

Antibiotic, Antibacterial, Medicinal drug

Substance groups

Micro-organism

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Natural

Mode of action

A aminoglycoside that inhibites protein biosynthesis, systemic action

Molecular targets

[30S ribosomal protein S12, antagonist], [16S rRNA, antagonist]

CAS RN

57-92-1

EC number

200-355-3

CIPAC number

312

US EPA chemical code

006306

PubChem CID

19649

ATCvet Code

QJ01GA01

Therapeutic Class

Antiinfectants for systemic use: Antibacterials for systemic use

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

Allowed substance (Table 1: Ruminants, Porcine, Rabbits)

Molecular mass

581.57

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

O-2-deoxy-2-methylamino-α-L-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-5-deoxy-3-C-formyl-α-L-lyxofuranosyl-(1-4)-N1,N3-diamidino-D-streptamine

CAS name

O-2-deoxy-2-(methylamino)-α-L-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-5-deoxy-3-C-formyl-α-L-lyxofuranosyl-(1-4)-N,N'-bis(aminoiminomethyl)-D-streptamine

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

White powder

Related substances & organisms

Streptomycin sulphate

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Authorisation Route

UK Legal Class

Example products using this active

Devomycin 250mg/ml Solution for Injection.

Norbrook Labs

UK National authorisation

Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)

Devomycin Dl Solution for Injection.

Norbrook Labs

UK National authorisation

Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)

Multiject IMM Intramammary Suspension

Norbrook Labs

UK National authorisation

Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)

Orojet Lamb Oral Solution

Pfizer Ltd

UK National authorisation

Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V)

Formulation and application details

It is available as a water soluble powder, pellets or as an emulsifiable concentrate. Applied as a foliar spray for crop protetcion.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1000000

at 25 °C

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.16 X 10^-08

Calculated

Log P

-7.5

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

n/a

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

7.76 X 10^-23

at 25 °C

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

8.52 X 10^-39

at 25 °C

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Refractive Index

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

1.0

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

No risks identified

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

Moderately mobile

K_foc

339

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.00

Calculated

Low leachability

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 9000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 4640

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 180

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

487

Daphnia magna

Low

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.133

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 9000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

325

Mouse

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 525 mg kg⁻¹

Mouse

Intravenous LDLo = 175 mg kg⁻¹

Rat

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Majority of oral dose is excreted in the faeces. Parenteral administration leads to urinal elimination.

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

No data found

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May cause rashes, hives, headache, drop in blood pressure, nausea and vomiting
Possible kidney toxicant
May cause hearing dysfunction

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

NL (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

streptomycin

French

streptomycine

German

Streptomyzin

Danish

Italian

streptomicina

Spanish

estreptomicina

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	17/11/2022
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242