Carbanolate (Ref: U12927)

Carbanolate (Ref: U12927)	Last updated: 15/09/2025
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Carbanolate is an obsolete carbamate insecticide. It has a moderate aqueous solubility. There are significant gaps in reported data for environmental fate and ecotoxicity. However, it is highly toxic to mammals and likely to bioaccumulate. It is also a neurotoxin and an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An obsolete carbamate insecticide

Examples of veterinary uses

Used for the control of ectoparasites

Examples of species treated

Poultry

Approval status

VMR 2013/2033 approval status (GB/UK)

Not approved

EU Regulatory approval status

Not approved

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₁₂ClNO₂

Canonical SMILES

CC1=CC(=C(C=C1C)Cl)OC(=O)NC

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

QRTXZGIQTYDABO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H12ClNO2/c1-6-4-5-8(9(11)7(6)2)14-10(13)12-3/h4-5H,1-3H3,(H,12,13)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Veterinary substance type

Ixodicide

Substance groups

Carbamate insecticide; Carbamate acaricide; Phenyl methylcarbamate insecticide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

Molecular targets

[Cholinesterase, Inhibitor]

CAS RN

671-04-5

EC number

No data found

CIPAC number

None allocated

US EPA chemical code

219100

PubChem CID

522251

CLP index number

No data found

Therapeutic Class

ATCvet Code

None allocated

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

Molecular mass

213.66

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-chloro-4,5-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate

IUPAC name

6-chloro-3,4-xylyl methylcarbamate

CAS name

2-chloro-4,5-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate

Forever chemical

Other status information

PAN Bad Actor Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

White crystalline solid

Commercial

Property

Value

Availability status

Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries

Introduction & key dates

Circa 1985, introduced

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

UpJohn

Example products using this active

Banol

Formulation and application details

Typically formulated and sold in the form of wettable powders or granules

Commercial production

Carbanolate is typically synthesised through a chemical reaction between 1-naphthol and methyl isocyanate or methylcarbamoyl chloride. These reagents introduce the carbamate functional group onto the aromatic ring, forming the active insecticidal compound. The process involves careful control of temperature and pH to ensure selective esterification and minimise by-products. Due to the toxicity of intermediates like methyl isocyanate, modern production methods often seek safer alternatives or closed-system reactors to reduce exposure risks.

Impact on climate of production and use

Data for the amount of life cycle GHGs produced by carbanolate are not available in the public domain. However, whilst estimates vary, more general data suggests that between 14 and 19 kilograms of CO₂e is emitted per kilogram of insecticide produced.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

202

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

124

Boiling point (°C)

307

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

139.3

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

4.47 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.65

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Refractive Index

Environmental release

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

30.0

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

4.22

median of 12 species

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

30.0

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

1200

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

May be rapidly absorbed through the skin with potential adverse health effects - PPE/PPC essential

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Mainly eliminated from the body through enzymatic hydrolysis in the liver, followed by excretion via the kidneys and bile

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

No data found

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May cause delayed adverse health effects
May cause respiratory depression, mental confusion and unconsciousness
May cause brain hemorrhages, and seizures at high concentrations
May cause contact dermatitis

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Extinguish fires with CO2, dry powder or spray
Incompatible with strong bases & strong oxidising agents
Corrosive
Will release toxic fumes on decomposition

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

Not classified: Obsolete (Not classified: Obsolete)

UN Number

UN2757

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group II (moderate danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

carbanolate

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Swedish

Hungarian

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Record last updated:	15/09/2025
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242