Piperazine
Last updated: 21/06/2023
(Also known as: hexahydropyrazine; piperazidine; diethylenediamine; dispermine; 1,4-piperazine)
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate
Ecotoxicity
Human health
Medicinal drug used in the treatment of intestinal roundworm infections
-
1953, first use as an anthelmintic
Cats, Dogs, Poultry, Horses, Pigs
-
C₄H₁₀N₂
C1CNCCN1
No data
GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C4H10N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H2
Yes
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams
Common Name
Relationship
Link
piperazine
-
Anthelmintic, Medicinal drug, Antiparastic
Hetrocyclic
99.9
None declared
Synthetic
Acts by paralysing the parasite. Acts as a weak GABA-mimetic and causes a flaccid, reversible paralysis of body wall muscle
[Gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) receptor subunit beta-3, agonist]
110-85-0
203-808-3
-
-
-
QP52AH01
Antiparasitic products, insecticides & repellents: Anthelmintics
No
Allowed substance (Table 1: Porcine, Chicken)
86.14
-
1,4-diethylenediamine
hexahydro-1,4-diazine
-
-
Off-white or colourless deliquescent crystals
Beaphar Worming Syrup
Beaphar UK Ltd
UK National authorisation
Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL)
Dual Action Worming Tablets for Cats
Battle, Hayward & Bower Ltd
UK National authorisation
Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL)
Johnson's Twin-Wormer for Cats
Johnsons Veterinary Products Ltd
UK National authorisation
Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL)
Piperazine Citrate Worm Tablets
Ayrton Saunders Ltd
UK National authorisation
Authorised veterinary medicine for general sale (AVM - GSL)
Usually supplied in tablet form for oral administration
150000
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source
at pH 12
High
-
-
-
107
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
-
148
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
-
-
-
-
65
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
-
7.59 X 10-02
Calculated
-
-1.12
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
Low
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.1
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
-
4.19
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Strong base
21280
Highly volatile
-
-
-
Does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
-
Very mobile
3.1
Estimated
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.9
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source
Cyprinus carpio
Low potential
Not available
-
Known soil and groundwater metabolites
None
N -mononitrosopiperazine
MNPz
Human (Liver)
-
-
N-nitroso-3-hydroxypyrrolidine Note: Secondary metabolite
NHPYR
Human (Liver)
-
-
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
> 5000
Rat
Low
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
> 100
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Unknown species
Low
-
-
-
> 21.0
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
Daphnia magna
Moderate
> 12.5
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
Daphnia magna
Low
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
High (class III)
-
-
> 5000
Rat
Low
4000
Rat
-
> 5.4
Rat 2 hr
-
Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 3700 mg kg⁻¹
Rat
-
Intravenous LD₅₀ = 1340 mg kg⁻¹
Rat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Urinary excretion is the primary route of elimination in humans
-
Carcinogen
Endocrine disruptor
No data found
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data
; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data
; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data
No data found
Reproduction / development effects
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
Neurotoxicant
?Possibly, status not identified
No data found
No data found
Respiratory tract irritant
Skin irritant
Skin sensitiser
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
?Possibly, status not identified
Eye irritant
Phototoxicant
 
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
No data found
 
May induce chronic bronchitis and cause breathing difficulties
Corrosive Hygroscopic Flammable IMDG Transport Hazard Class 8 Explosion limits in air: 4-14 % vol
-
Not listed (Not listed)
UN2579
Packaging Group III (minor danger)
-
piperazine
-
Piperazin
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Record last updated:
21/06/2023
Contact:
aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal , 22 (4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242