Diazepam |
Last updated: 21/05/2024 |
(Also known as: methyl diazepinone; diacepin) |
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A veterinary drugs used for its antianxiety, muscle relaxant and hypnotic properties | |
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Current | |
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1960, first approval for use in humans | |
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Has a variety of applications including use as an appetite stimulant and to control seizures | |
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Cats; Dogs |
Approval status |
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Not approved | |
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Not approved |
Chemical structure |
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C₁₆H₁₃ClN₂O | |
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CN1C(=O)CN=C(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3 | |
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No data | |
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AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 | |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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diazepam | - |
General status |
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Medicinal drug: sedative | |
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Benzodiazepine | |
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Synthetic | |
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A positive allosteric modulators of the GABA type A receptors (GABAA). | |
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[Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1, Potentiator], [Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2, Potentiator], [Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3, Potentiator], [Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5, Potentiator] | |
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439-14-5 | |
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207-122-5 | |
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Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepine derivatives | |
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QN05BA01 | |
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UK: Class C, Schedule 4 Pt1; EU: UN71, Class IV | |
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284.76 | |
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7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one | |
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7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one | |
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7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one | |
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White to yellow coloured crystalline powder |
Formulations |
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Ziapam 5 mg/ml solution | Laboratoire TVM | Not licensed | Not licensed | ||||||
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50 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) at 25 °C3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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500000 | P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Chloroform3 = Unverified data of known source |
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25.6 | P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Ether3 = Unverified data of known source |
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62500 | P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Methanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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131.5 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.4 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Fate indices |
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
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Other known metabolites |
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oxazepam | - | Humans; Animals | - | ||||
desmethyldiazepam Note: Main active metabolite |
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temazepam | - | Humans; Animals | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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249 | P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Rat4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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> 12.6 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Gambusia holbrooki3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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72.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio 14 day4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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0.05 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna as mol/L3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 12.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Artemia parthenogenetica4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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General |
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249 | P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Rat4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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800 | P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators Rat4 = Verified data |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 37.0 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Intravenous LD₅₀ = 25.0 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Hepatic metabolism via Cytochrome P450 enzyme system, excreted mainly in the urine | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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CNS toxicant May cause dermatitis Lung sensitiser Possible teratogenic effects |
Handling issues |
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Will release toxic gases if heated to decomposition Not compatible with oxidising agents or strong alkalis IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 |
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Health: H301, H311 | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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diazepam | ||
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Record last updated: | 21/05/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |