Indolylbutyric acid |
![]() Last updated: 27/08/2025 |
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(Also known as: beta-indolebutyric acid ; IBA) |
Hazard alerts |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate | Ecotoxicity | Human health |
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A botanical auxin extract used to improve rootings of woody plant cuttings in horticulture | |
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Propagation | |
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Ornamentals | |
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Evaluated via trials | |
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GB regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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31/05/2031 | ||
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None |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Greece/Cyprus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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15/03/2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Additional information |
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Australia |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₂H₁₃NO₂ | |
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C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CCCC(=O)O | |
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No data | |
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JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H13NO2/c14-12(15)7-3-4-9-8-13-11-6-2-1-5-10(9)11/h1-2,5-6,8,13H,3-4,7H2,(H,14,15) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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indolylbutyric acid | - | ![]() |
General status |
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Plant Growth Regulator; Herbicide | |
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Plant-derived substance | |
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994 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Natural | |
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Broad-spectrum, effects cell division and elongation stimulating the formation of roots. | |
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A plant hormone of the auxin family found in the leaves and seeds of maize, from the salix (willow) genus and other plants | |
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Yield enhancement | |
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Plant cuttings for rooting | |
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133-32-4 | |
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205-101-5 | |
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830 | |
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046701 | |
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203.24 | |
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4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid | |
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1H-indole-3-butanoic acid | |
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Not applcable | |
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Not applcable | |
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Not applcable | |
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Beige to white coloured crystalline powder |
Commercial |
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Current | |||
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Usually supplied as a dusting powder. | |||
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Indole-3-butyric acid is commercially synthesised through chemical processes starting from indole or indole derivatives. One common route involves the alkylation of indole at the 3-position using butyric acid derivatives or butyryl chloride under controlled conditions, often in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. This forms the characteristic butanoic acid side chain attached to the indole ring. The reaction is typically carried out in organic solvents like toluene or dichloromethane, followed by purification through crystallisation or chromatography to achieve high purity. | |||
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While exact GHG emission figures for indolylbutyric acid are not publicly available, The typical range for similar fine organic chemicals is 5–20 kg CO₂e per kg of product. |
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14700 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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160000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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250000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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20000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dichloromethane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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124 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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250 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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157 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
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211.8 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
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2.29 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.36 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.25 | E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data |
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4.7 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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0.01 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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2.32 X 10-07 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: 291nm=5980, 282nm=6900, 277nm=6390, 224nm=36500 Acidic solution: 291nm=4640, 282nm=5450, 276nm=5040, 223nm=27100 Basic solution: 291nm=5480, 283nm=6390, 277nm=5890 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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69.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | V1 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
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550 | ||||||||||
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Estimated | ||||||||||
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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indolylacetic acid | - | - | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2150 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Colinus virginianus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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240 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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112 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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70 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 189 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Raphidocelis subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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32 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Raphidocelis subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 5000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 5.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4hr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 1410 mg kg⁻¹ BW | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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None allocated | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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None allocated | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.025 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit SF=10004 = Verified data |
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5.8 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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The public may be exposed via dermal contact with consumer products containing indolylbutyric acid | |||||||||
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PPE/PPC recommended | ||||||||||
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Rapidly excreted within 24hrs via urine (80-84%) and faeces (16-19%) | - | - |
Health issues |
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Possible liver & kidney toxicant May be harmful if swallowed |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1 Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable |
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Health: H302, H319, H361d, H361f | |||
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III (Slightly hazardous) | |||
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UN2811 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
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Limited shelf-life. Store at 2-8 DegC |
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indolylbutyric acid | ||
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Record last updated: | 27/08/2025 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |