Candida oleophila strain O |

Last updated: 25/08/2025
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(Not known by any other names) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A yeast that occurs widely in nature and that is used to prevent and control post-harvest disease |
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Grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold (Penicillium expansum), which cause post-harvest decay |
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Top fruit |
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- |
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Single-celled organism, approx 1 micrometer in diameter. Organism multiplies asexually by budding of the cells. Will not grow in temeratures over 35 deg C. |
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Class: Ascomycetes; Order: Ustilaginales; Family: Ustilaginaceae |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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None |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved |
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Solvenia/Germany |
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31/05/2027 |
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No |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
✓ |
✓ |
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✓ |
ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
✓ |
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✓ |
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✓ |
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✓ |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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No |
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Fungicide |
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Micro-organism |
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- |
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- |
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Natural |
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An antagonist that acts by competing with fungal entry sites and for available nutrients |
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A single celled yeast that occurs widely in nature and on various foods that was specifically isolated from golden delicious apples. |
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Crop protection in storage |
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Grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold (Penicillium expansum), which cause post-harvest decay |
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Top fruit |
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Candida oleophila strain O |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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BM02 |
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- |
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Yeast |
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Current |
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circa 1998, discovered; 2025, withdrawn UK |
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- Bionext sprl
- Ecogen Inc. USA
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Usually supplied as extruded or water dispersible granules that are mixed with water and used as a spray or dip |
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Candida oleophila strain O is produced commercially through a fermentation process. The selected strain is cultured in large bioreactors, under controlled conditions, within a fermentation medium containing nutrients such as glucose, yeast extract, and other carbon and nitrogen sources. After the fermentation is complete, the yeast cells are harvested from the fermentation broth. This is typically done through centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid medium. The harvested yeast cells are formulated into commercial products. |
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As microbial-based biopesticide production processes tend to use fermentation-based production rather than chemical synthesis, have a lower fossil fuel input in formulation and active ingredient creation, and have reduced downstream emissions due to biodegradability and minimal soil disruption, the life-cycle GHG emissions are expected to be low. Whilst hard and precise data are not available, broad estimates suggest that typically emissions are likely to be below 5 kg CO₂e/kg. |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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No adverse effects identified or expected |
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> 190 |
Oncorhynchus mykiss |
Low |
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- |
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> 190 |
Daphnia magna |
Low |
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> 145 |
Raphidocelis subcapitata |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Not applicable |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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Not applicable |
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None allocated |
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Negligible risk to bystanders and consumers |
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Negligible risk to farm workers but due to sensitisation issues PPC/PPE advised |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
?Possibly, status not identified |
?Possibly, status not identified |
?Possibly, status not identified |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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?Possibly, status not identified |
No data found |
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A potential skin sensitizer - may cause allergic reactions May cause breathing difficulties if inhaled |
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No information available |
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Health: H334, H317 |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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Candida oleophila strain O |
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Record last updated: |
25/08/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |