Candida saitoana |

Last updated: 25/08/2025
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(Not known by any other names) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A yeast that occurs widely in nature and that is used to prevent and control post-harvest disease in fruit |
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Various fungal pathogens including Botrytis, Penicillium, Mucor and Geotrichum species |
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Fruit including apples, pears and citrus |
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Single-celled organism, approx 1 micrometer in diameter. Organism multiplies asexually by budding of the cells. Will not grow in temeratures over 35 deg C. |
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Class: Saccharomycetes; Order: Saccharomycetales; Family: Ustilaginaceae |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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Fungicide |
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Micro-organism |
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Natural |
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Acts by competing with fungal entry sites |
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A yeast that is widespread in nature originally isolated from infected fruit |
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Crop protection - post harvest storage |
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Various fungal pathogens including Botrytis, Penicillium, Mucor and Geotrichum species |
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Fruit including apples, pears and citrus |
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Suitable for use in all farming systems where approved for use in that country |
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Candida saitoana |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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BM02 |
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Yeast |
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discovered circa 1998 |
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Usually formulated for use as an aqueous spray or dip treatment |
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Candida saitoana is produced commercially through a fermentation process. The selected strain is cultured in large bioreactors, under controlled conditions, within a fermentation medium containing nutrients such as glucose, yeast extract, and other carbon and nitrogen sources. After the fermentation is complete, the yeast cells are harvested from the fermentation broth. This is typically done through centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid medium. The harvested yeast cells are formulated into commercial products. |
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As microbial-based biopesticide production processes tend to use fermentation-based production rather than chemical synthesis, have a lower fossil fuel input in formulation and active ingredient creation, and have reduced downstream emissions due to biodegradability and minimal soil disruption, the life-cycle GHG emissions are expected to be low. Whilst hard and precise data are not available, broad estimates suggest that typically emissions are likely to be below 5 kg CO₂e/kg. |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Not applicable |
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Negligible risk to bystanders and consumers |
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Negligible risk to farm workers |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
?Possibly, status not identified |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
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No adverse health effects identified |
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No information available |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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Candida saitoana |
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Record last updated: |
25/08/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |