The following Pesticide Hazard Tricolour (PHT) alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. The alerts for Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) are based on applying the FAO/WHO (Type 1) and the PAN (Type II) criteria to PPDB data. Further details on the HHP indicators are given in the tables below. Neither the PHT nor the HHP hazard alerts take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus they do not represent risk.
PHT: Environmental fate
PHT: Ecotoxicity
PHT: Human health
Highly Hazardous Pesticide
Human health Low alert
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
A virus widespread in nature and used to control Lepidopteran insects
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
NPP
Example products using this active
Formulation and application details
Usually supplied as liquid suspensions
Commercial production
The commercial production of Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus involves a number of steps. The process begins with the propagation of the virus in a suitable host, typically the larvae of M. brassicae. The larvae are infected with the virus under controlled conditions to ensure high infection rates. Once the larvae are fully infected and show signs of disease, they are harvested. The infected larvae contain high concentrations of the virus in the form of occlusion bodies. The harvested larvae are then homogenised to release the occlusion bodies. This is usually done using mechanical methods to ensure thorough disruption of the larvae. The homogenate is subjected to a series of purification steps to isolate the occlusion bodies from other cellular debris. The purified occlusion bodies are formulated into a suitable product for application.
Impact on climate of production and use
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ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)
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-
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Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
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-
-
Melting point (°C)
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-
-
Boiling point (°C)
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-
-
Degradation point (°C)
-
-
-
Flashpoint (°C)
-
-
-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
-
-
-
Log P
-
-
-
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
-
-
-
Data type
-
-
-
Density (g ml⁻¹)
-
-
-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
-
-
-
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Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
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-
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Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
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-
-
Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost
From plant surface
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-
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From soil surface
-
-
-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
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-
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Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
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-
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Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
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Soil degradation (days)
DT₅₀ (typical)
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-
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DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
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DT₅₀ (field)
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DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
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DT₉₀ (field)
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DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
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Note
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Soil mineralisation
Aerobic (at 20 °C)
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Anaerobic (at 20 °C)
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Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
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Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
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Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
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Air degradation
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀
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Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd (mL g⁻¹)
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-
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Koc (mL g⁻¹)
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Notes and range
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Freundlich
Kf (mL g⁻¹)
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-
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Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)
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1/n
-
Notes and range
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pH sensitivity
-
Known metabolites
None
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
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-
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Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
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-
-
Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
-
-
-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
-
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
No adverse effects identified or expected
-
Birds - Short term dietary LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
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Human health
