Steinernema riobrave |
Last updated: 29/05/2018
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(Also known as: Beneficial nematode; Steinernema riobravis) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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Soil inhabiting nematodes that are lethal insect parasitoids that are used to control various insects mainly of citrus fruit |
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The life cycle takes around a week and consists of an egg stage, four juvenile stages, and an adult stage. Only the first juvenile stage can infect the host. Once inside body cavity it releases a bacterium (Xenorhabdus nematophilus) that rapidly multiply and kill the host. The parasite feeds on this bacteria. |
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1923, first reported |
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Class: Nematoda; Order: Steinernematidae |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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Insectivore |
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Macro-organism |
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Natural |
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Parasitism and consumption |
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First recovered from corn earworms in soils in the USA |
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Produced commerically by controlled fermentation |
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Crop protection |
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Various insects including mole crickets, sugar cane rootstalk borer (Diaprepes abbreviatus), citrus weevils (Pachnaeus litus) and corn earworms |
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Citrus, turf, sugar cane and maize crops |
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Suitable for use in organic farming and for IPM where approved for use in that country |
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Steinernema riobrave |
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Most countries require a licence to be issued before non-native macro-organisms may be released as biocontrol agents |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Living organism |
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Biovector |
Rincon-Vitova |
Biovector |
Becker Underwood Inc. |
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Usually supplied as larvae within water dispersible granules |
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Not applicable |
Q4 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 4 = Verified data |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Not applicable |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
?Possibly, status not identified |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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?Possibly, status not identified |
No data found |
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No adverse health issues noted |
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No information available |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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Steinernema riobrave |
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Record last updated: |
29/05/2018 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |