Trichoderma asperellum strain T34

Trichoderma asperellum strain T34	Last updated: 31/10/2024
(Also known as: Trichoderma harzianum)

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
		Human health Low alert

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A biological fungicide used to control various soil-borne fungal pathogens

Example pests controlled

Soil-borne pathogens including Fusarium wilt disease (caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. Sp. Dianthi), damping-off and rot (especially Pythium species.

Example applications

Tomatoes; Cucumbers; Melon; Pumpkin; Zucchini; Sweet peppers; Aubergine, Sunflower; Maize; Soybean; Ornamentals including carnations.

Efficacy & activity

Appearance and life cycle

Mycelium consist of irregular, filamentous branched hypae. It has a typical growth pattern for imperfect fungi with only asexual reproduction. Good ability to colonise plant roots. Optimum growth at <36 DegC. No growth expected above this temperature.

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1999, First described; 2001, first isolated

Taxonomic classification

Class: Sordariomycetes; Order: Hypocreales; Family: Hypocreaceae

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

01/06/2031

GB LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Sweden/Italy

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/04/2025

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓		✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Known to be also used in the following countries

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

Canonical SMILES

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

2D structure diagram/image available?

General status

Biopesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Micro-organism

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

EFSA 2024: No relevant impurities

Substance origin

Natural

Mode of action

Inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi by competing for nutrients and invasion sites. Also thought to include mycoparasitism and by instigating plant metabolic changes.

Substance source

Originally isolated from a natural suppressive compost-peat mix. Trichoderma spp. are present in most soils and many other media including decaying wood and vegetable matter in both temperate and tropical areas.

Substance production

Produced commerically by controlled fermentation

Uses

Crop protection usually in a protected environment such as a glasshouse

Target pests

Soil-borne pathogens including Fusarium wilt disease (caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. Sp. Dianthi), damping-off and rot

Target host

Tomatoes; Cucumbers; Ornamentals including carnations.

Farming system suitability

Suitable for use in all farming systems where approved for use in that country

CAS RN

EC number

CIPAC number

941

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

Molecular mass

Chemical name

Trichoderma asperellum strain 34

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

CAS name

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

BM02

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Fungus

Related substances & organisms

Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908

Trichoderma afroharzianum strain T-22

Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC012

Trichoderma asperellum strain T11

Trichoderma atroviride strain TV1

Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Example products

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as wettable microgranules and powders and typically applied as a soil drench

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

Log P

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1.1 x 10⁰⁸

Rat as CFU/rat

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1.0 x 10⁰⁸

Colinus virginianus as CFU/bird

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 7.80 x 10⁰⁶

Eisenia foetida as CFU/ha

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

7.80 x 10⁰⁶

Eisenia foetida as CFU/ha

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.0 x 10⁰⁵

Apis mellifera as CFU/bee

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.11 x 10⁰⁶

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 96 hr as CFU/L

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Non-toxic

No adverse effects identified or expected

Non-toxic

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) LR₅₀

> 2.3 x 10¹²

Aphidius rhopalosiphi as CFU/ha

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) LR₅₀

> 2.3 x 10¹²

Typhlodromus pyri as CFU/ha

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 9.6 x 10⁰⁸

Oncorhynchus mykiss as CFU/L

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

9.6 x 10⁰⁸

Oncorhynchus mykiss as CFU/L

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

< 7.18 x 10⁰⁷

daphnia magna as CFU/L

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

1.0 x 10⁰⁹

Lemna gibba as CFU/L

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

4.3 x 10⁰⁷

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 96 hr as CFU/L

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

3.3 x 10⁰⁶

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as CFU/L

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

Not applicable

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1.1 x 10⁰⁸

Rat as CFU/rat

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.1E+07

Rat as CFU/rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

PPC advised due to the potential sensitising risk

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May cause sensitisation by inhalation or skin contact

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

Trichoderma asperellum strain T34

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	31/10/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242