Aphytis melinus |
Last updated: 19/05/2024
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(Also known as: scale parasitoid; armoured scale parasitoid; red scale parasitoid; golden chalcid) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A parasitoid wasp that can be used for the biocontrol of various scale insects |
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Florida red scale (Aonidiella aurantii); Oriental yellow scale (Aonidiella orientalis); Spanish red scale (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi); Oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii) |
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Citrus; Ornamentals; Top fruit; Nuts; Passion fruit |
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Tiny yellow wasps capable of short flights. Females lay their eggs beneath the scales of unmated females. On hatching, the wasps larvae eat their way through the scales from the underside out through the back (ectoparasitism). New parasitoids emerge out of the empty scale cadavers after they pupate. to begin the cycle again. |
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Class: Insecta; Order: Hymenoptera; Family: Aphelinidae |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Not applicable |
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Yes |
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Insectivore |
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Macro-organism |
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Natural |
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Parasitism and consumption |
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A native insect of India and Pakistan |
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Reared under controlled conditions and fed on scale insects for commercial production |
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Crop protection |
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Florida red scale (Aonidiella aurantii); Oriental yellow scale (Aonidiella orientalis); Spanish red scale (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi); Oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii) |
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Citrus; Ornamentals; Top fruit; Nuts; Passion fruit |
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Aphytis melinus |
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Most countries require a licence to be issued before non-native macro-organisms may be released as biocontrol agents |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Living organisim |
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Aphytis melinus |
Biological services |
Aphytis melinus |
Praxis |
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Adult wasps are often supplied in paper cups each holding around 10,000 wasps |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected. |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected. |
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Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source No adverse effects identified or expected. |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Not applicable |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
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No adverse health effects identified |
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No information available |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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Aphytis melinus |
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Record last updated: |
19/05/2024 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |