Verbenone |

Last updated: 23/08/2025
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(Also known as: 2-pinen-4-one) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A naturally occurring substance that is used as an antiaggregation signal chemicals to confuse mountain pine beetles away from pine trees |
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Southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis; Red turpine beetle Dendroctonus valens |
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Pine trees |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Verbenone is a molecule with two chiral centres |
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C₁₀H₁₄O |
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CC1=CC(=O)C2CC1C2(C)C |
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No data |
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DCSCXTJOXBUFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-6-4-9(11)8-5-7(6)10(8,2)3/h4,7-8H,5H2,1-3H3 |
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Yes |
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Insecticide; Semiochemical; Other substance |
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Antimicrobial |
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Plant-derived substance; Pheromone |
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- |
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- |
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Natural |
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Pheromone |
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A plant derived terpene found in Spanish verbena and oil of rosemary which is used as repellent for damaging insect pests |
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Forestry |
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Southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis; Red turpine beetle Dendroctonus valens |
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Pine trees |
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- |
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80-57-9 |
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214-807-2 |
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- |
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128986 |
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- |
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150.21 |
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- |
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4,6,6-trimethyl-bicyclo (3.1.1) hept-3-en-2-one |
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(1S,5S)-2-pinen-4-one |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not known |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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Oily liquid with characteristic odour |
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Current |
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1999, first registered USA |
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- AgBio Inc.
- Pherotech (Canada) Inc.
- Synergy Semiochemicals Corp, USA
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Usually supplied as impregnated membranes or in phermone dispensers |
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Produced by the allylic oxidation of alpha-pinene and limonene over a silica-supported iron hexadecachlorinated phthalocyanine |
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While exact CO₂e values are not published for specific pheromones, some general information is available. The PHERA reported that biotechnological production (e.g. yeast fermentation) of pheromones can reduce GHG emissions by up to 90% compared to traditional chemical synthesis and GHG emissions are typically in the 5 to 10 kg CO₂e per kg of pheromone produced. Other sources suggest that small scale pheromone synthesis typically has emissions in the range 1 – 3 kg CO₂e per kg of pheromone produced. |
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0.01 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low |
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943.3 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Methanol |
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Miscible |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethyl acetate |
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6.5 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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227 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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85 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.978 |
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 5000 |
No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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> 2000 |
No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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> 1000 |
Unknown species |
Low |
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> 100 |
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Low |
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> 100 |
No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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> 100 |
No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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> 5000 |
No adverse effects identified or expected |
Low |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
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No adverse effects identified |
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No information available |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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verbenone |
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Record last updated: |
23/08/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |