Thaxtomim A (Ref: MBI-005) |

Last updated: 23/08/2025
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(Not known by any other names) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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Microorganism based herbicide for the post-emergence control of troublesome weeds |
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Broadleaved weeds and sedges |
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Wide variety of land uses; Rice |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Isomeric - substance has three stereoisomers |
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C₂₂H₂₂N₄O₆ |
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CN1C(C(=O)N(C(C1=O)(CC2=CC(=CC=C2)O)O)C)CC3=CNC4=C3C(=CC=C4)[N+](=O)[O-] |
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CN1[C@H](C(=O)N([C@](C1=O)(CC2=CC(=CC=C2)O)O)C)CC3=CNC4=C3C(=CC=C4)[N+](=O)[O-] |
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QRDNJYNIEGRRKV-PGRDOPGGSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C22H22N4O6/c1-24-18(10-14-12-23-16-7-4-8-17(19(14)16)26(31)32)20(28)25(2)22(30,21(24)29)11-13-5-3-6-15(27)9-13/h3-9,12,18,23,27,30H,10-11H2,1-2H3/t18-,22+/m0/s1 |
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Yes |
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Herbicide |
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Micro-organism derived substance; Peptide herbicide |
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- |
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- |
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Natural |
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Selective, phytoxin, causes plant cell necrosis |
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Derived from the gram positive soil bacterium Streptomyces bottropensis |
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Plant protection |
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Broadleaved weeds and sedges |
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Wide variety of land uses; Rice |
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- |
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122380-18-1 |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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438.43 |
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- |
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(3R,6S)-3-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-dimethyl-6-[(4-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]-2,5-piperazinedione |
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2,5-piperazinedione |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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None |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Yellow powder |
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Current |
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1989, first reported; 2012, introduced |
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Thaxtomin A is produced by certain Streptomyces species, notably Streptomyces scabiei, as a secondary metabolite and potent phytotoxin. Its biosynthesis involves non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), specifically TxtA and TxtB, which assemble the molecule from amino acid precursors. A key supporting protein, TxtH helps ensure proper folding and function of the NRPS enzymes. Production is typically carried out in specialised media like oatmeal broth, which enhances yield compared to standard nutrient broths. To improve commercial viability, scientists have engineered the thaxtomin A gene cluster into heterologous Streptomyces hosts and optimised promoter sequences to boost output. |
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Soluble |
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethanol |
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Soluble |
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source DMSO |
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310 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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795 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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1.48 |
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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High (class III) |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
No data found |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
No data found |
No data found |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
No data found |
No data found |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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No data found |
No data found |
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No information available |
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No information available |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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thaxtomim A |
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Record last updated: |
23/08/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |