Kaolin calcined (Ref: SIK6463.5)

Kaolin calcined (Ref: SIK6463.5)	Last updated: 31/10/2024
(Also known as: Calcined kaolin clay; Anhydrous aluminium silicate; Calcined aluminium silicate; Calcined china clay; Aluminium silicate calcinate; metakaolin)

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
	Ecotoxicity Low alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Low; Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Low; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Low; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Low; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Low; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Low; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: Low; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Low	Human health High alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A substance with no pesticidal properties but sometimes used in pesticide product formulations to form a barrier film preventing target pests from reaching plant.

Example pests controlled

Flea beetles; Japanese beetles; Sawflies; Codling moth; Aphids; Weevils; Psyllids; Thrips

Example applications

Fruit including pears, apples, plums, cherries, grapes, berries; Nuts, Row field crops

Efficacy & activity

Shown to be effective in field trials.

Appearance and life cycle

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

Taxonomic classification

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Withdrawn

GB LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved (as kaolin)

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Greece

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/12/2024

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes (as kaolin)

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
	✓							✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓		✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Known to be also used in the following countries

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

Al₄Si₄O₁₄

Canonical SMILES

Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-]

Isomeric SMILES

Not applicable

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/2Al.O7Si2/c;;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/q2*+3;-6

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Biopesticide type

Insecticide, Semiochemical, Other substance

Other bioactivity & uses

Coating agent

Substance groups

Inorganic compound

Minimum active substance purity

99.98%

Known relevant impurities

EU 2020 Dossier: various heavy metals at ng kg⁻¹ concentrations

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Mainly non-toxic mode of action, acts via its physical properties but may also interfere with feeding behaviour and egg-laying

Substance source

Kaolin is a naturally occurring mineral

Substance production

The product of high temperature calcination of naturally occurring kaolin

Uses

Crop protection

Target pests

Flea beetles; Japanese beetles; Sawflies; Codling moth; Aphids; Weevils; Psyllids; Thrips

Target host

Fruit including pears, apples, plums, cherries, grapes, berries; Nuts, Row field crops

Farming system suitability

CAS RN

92704-41-1

EC number

296-473-8

CIPAC number

841

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

258.16

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

dialuminium(3+) [(trioxidosilyl)oxy]silanetris(olate)

IUPAC name

dialuminium(3+) [(trioxidosilyl)oxy]silanetris(olate)

CAS name

aluminium silicate calcinate

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

UNM

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Off-white coloured powder

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Example products

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a concentrate and applied as a foliar spray.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1.15

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

Log P

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

2.40

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Kaolin is a non-degradable natural component of the environment

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

kaolin is a natural component of the environment

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Unknown species

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

> 2444

Gallus domesticus 56 day

Low

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LC₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

90919

<>Apis mellifera

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 70000

Unknown species

Low

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Oncorhynchus mykiss 30 day

Low

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 570

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 50

Daphnia magna

Low

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 2500

Unknown species

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 41

Unknown species

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.07

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None Allocated

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

1.4

Rat SF=25 as AOEC mg m³

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Negligible

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Inhalation may cause pneumoconiosis (Kaolinosis)
May produce gastrointestinal disturbances as high doses
Possible respiratory sensitiser
May cause toxic responses via inhalation
CLP data - suspected carcinogen via inhalation

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Do not enter fire area without proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317, H334, H351, H372, H373

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

kaolin calcined

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	31/10/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242