Salix spp.cortex |

Last updated: 24/08/2025
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(Also known as: Willow extract; Willow bark extract) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A natural dehydrated vegetable matrix, derived from the bark of Salix L. and exploited for its mild fungicidal activity |
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Scab, Powdery mildew, Downy mildew, Leaf curl |
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Fruit including apple, peach, berries, Kiwi; Grapevines; Tomatoes |
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EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved |
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Open ended |
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No |
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Yes |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
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ISIceland |
NONorway |
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Fungicide |
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Plant-derived substance |
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circa 100% |
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Natural; Complex mixture |
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Substance occus naturally in the bark of willow, a common tree in Europe, Asia and North America |
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Crop protection |
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Scab, Powdery mildew, Downy mildew, Leaf curl |
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Fruit including apple, peach, berries, Kiwi; Grapevines; Tomatoes |
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Salix spp.Cortex |
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EU Basic substance under Article 28 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009); UK Basic commodity substance implemented under the UK's Plant Protection Products Regulations 2011; EU Low-risk active substance |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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None |
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Current |
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1945, first isolated |
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Usually supplied as a dispersible concentrate for foliar application |
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Produced from an infusion in water of dried aerial part of Salix species |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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None allocated |
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No risks identified |
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No risks identified |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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XNo, known not to cause a problem |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
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Salix spp. Cortex is not a substance of toxicological concern when used for plant protection |
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Not explosive or oxidising |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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Salix spp.cortex |
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Record last updated: |
24/08/2025 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |