Validamycin A

Validamycin A	Last updated: 07/06/2024
(Also known as: validamycin; BBF-03433)

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Low alert: Potential for particle bound transport: Low Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: High	Human health Low alert

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An antibiotic with fungicide action effective against soil borne diseases and is used for the control of Rhizoctonia solani

Example pests controlled

Sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia species

Example applications

Rice; Potatoes; Vegetables; Soft fruit; Sugar beet; Cotton

Efficacy & activity

Appearance and life cycle

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1972, registered Japan

Taxonomic classification

Class: Validamycins

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a pesticide

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Known to be also used in the following countries

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A chiral molecule

Chemical formula

C₂₀H₃₅NO₁₃

Canonical SMILES

C1C(C(C(C(C1NC2C=C(C(C(C2O)O)O)CO)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)CO

Isomeric SMILES

C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1N[C@H]2C=C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)O)O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)CO

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C20H35NO13/c22-3-6-1-8(12(26)15(29)11(6)25)21-9-2-7(4-23)19(17(31)13(9)27)34-20-18(32)16(30)14(28)10(5-24)33-20/h1,7-32H,2-5H2/t7-,8+,9+,10-,11-,12+,13+,14-,15+,16+,17-,18-,19-,20+/m1/s1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Biopesticide type

Fungicide, Antibiotic

Substance groups

Micro-organism derived substance

Minimum active substance purity

[Typically >95%]

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Natural

Mode of action

Non-systemic, inhibits the enzyme trehalase, an important enzyme in carbohydrate storage and ultilisation in fungi.

Substance source

Originally isolated from the soil actinomycete Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Substance production

Produced for commerical purposes by controlled fermentation

Uses

Crop protection

Target pests

Sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia species

Target host

Rice; Potatoes; Vegetables; Soft fruit; Sugar beet; Cotton

Farming system suitability

CAS RN

37248-47-8

EC number

CIPAC number

8353

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

443629

Molecular mass

497.49

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1R,2R,3S,4S,6R)-2,3-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

CAS name

1,5,6-trideoxy-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]amino]-D-chiro-inositol

Other status information

PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

BM02

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White powder

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Example products

Validacin

Sumitomo Chemical Takeda

Vivadamy

Vipseco

BOC Sciences

Formulation and application details

Usually formulated as a dispersible powder, soluble concentrates and seed treatments

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

610000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Ethyl acetate

26.6

Acetone

62300

Methanol

Toluene

Melting point (°C)

125.9

Boiling point (°C)

814

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

4.79 X 10^-09

Calculated

Log P

-8.32

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.4

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

6.14

Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

2.60 X 10^-03

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

0.2

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data DT₅₀ >5hrs rapid microbial degradation

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

validoxylamine A

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 20000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

40.4

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

12500

Phasianidae

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.15

High

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 40

Cyprinidae spp.

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 40

Daphnia pulex

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 20000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.0

Rat 4 hr

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Considered practically non-toxic

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

validamycin A

French

validamycine

German

Validamycin

Danish

validamycin

Italian

validamycin

Spanish

validamycin

Greek

Polish

walidamycyna

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	07/06/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242