Chromafenozide (Ref: ANS 118)

Chromafenozide (Ref: ANS 118)	Last updated: 15/03/2024
(Also known as: CM-001 ; CAL 97I1 18)

SUMMARY

Chromafenozide is an insecticide used to control a range of pests on fruit and other crops. It has a very low aqueous solubility and is volatile. It is persistent in soil systems and may also be persistent in aquatic systems under certain conditions. It has a low mammalian toxicity and no significant health effects have been identified. It is moderately toxic to aquatic life but has a low toxicity to honeybees and earthworms.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Persistent; GUS: High leachability	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Reproduction/development effects Warning: Significant data are missing

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide used for control of various Lepidopteran species on top fruit and other crops

Example pests controlled

Rice borer; Leaf roller; Skipper; Caterpillars; Cutworms; Armyworms; Cotton bollworm

Example applications

Fruit including apples, pears, strawberries, cherries; Rice; Cabbage; Lettuce; Tea; Sugarbeet; Ornamentals; Cotton

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1999, first registered Japan

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/03/2025

GB LERAP status

No data

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Hungary

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/03/2025

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₃

Canonical SMILES

CC1=CC(=CC(=C1)C(=O)N(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C2=C(C3=C(C=C2)OCCC3)C)C

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C24H30N2O3/c1-15-12-16(2)14-18(13-15)23(28)26(24(4,5)6)25-22(27)20-9-10-21-19(17(20)3)8-7-11-29-21/h9-10,12-14H,7-8,11H2,1-6H3,(H,25,27)/f/h25H

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide

Substance groups

Bisacylhydrazine insecticide

Minimum active substance purity

935 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - metabolite M-010

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Ingestion, forces an incomplete and lethal moult. Ecdysone receptor agonist. A moulting hormone agonist.

CAS RN

143807-66-3

EC number

604-382-5

CIPAC number

775

US EPA chemical code

Not listed

PubChem CID

10157484

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

394.51

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carbohydrazide

IUPAC name

2'-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2'-(3,5-xyloyl)chromane-6-carbohydrazide

CAS name

3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carboxylic acid 2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazide

Other status information

Possible groundwater contaminant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

None identified

Physical state

White crystalline powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Nippon
Sankyo Agro Co.

Example products using this active

Cyclone
Kanpai
Killat
Matric
Phares
Podex
CM-001 5%SC

Formulation and application details

Available as suspension concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates and dustable powders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.80

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

320

Toluene

173000

Ethanol

186000

Acetone

50600

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

186.4

Boiling point (°C)

205

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.01 X 10⁰²

Calculated

Log P

2.7

Moderate

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data based on LogP

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.173

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

13.24

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

4.0 X 10^-06

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.973 X 10^-06

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

248.8nm=10964, 290nm=851

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

132

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

132

Persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

105.8

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

485.5

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 103.6-172.8 days, DT₉₀ range 367.2-603.8days; Field studies DT₅₀ range 62.6-148.9 days; Literature studies DT₅₀ range from 44-113 days for upland soils and 22-136 days for paddy fields

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

3.5

Note

Tomato fruit, n=1

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

3.8

Note

Strawberry fruit, n=1

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Slow

Note

DT₅₀ at pH5=7 days; at pH9= 24 days

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at all environmentally relevant pHs

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

600

Stable

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Stable

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

1.67

Moderately mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

226

Notes and range

EU dossier K_d range 1.594-1.755, K_oc range 224-228, soils=2 mL g⁻¹

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

8.88

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

346.8

¹/_n

0.935

Notes and range

EU dossier kf range 2.84-14.48 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 231-472 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.92-0.96, soils=4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.96

Calculated

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

3.06 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

2.52

Calculated using the Atkinson method

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

No data

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

N-tert-butyl-N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-chromancarbohydrazide

Major fraction

0.139

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

N-tert-butyl-N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-chromancarbohydrazide

Not relevant

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Coturnix japonica

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5620 ppm

Unknown species

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 150 g ha⁻¹ 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 133.2

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

206.85

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Harmless

Parasitic wasp

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

228.87

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 300 g ha⁻¹

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 106

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

516.7

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.84

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.075

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.94

Desmodesmus subspicatus

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

4.76

Selenastrum capricornutum

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.68

Rat 4 hr (whole body)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.27

Dog SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.26

Dog SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

2.0-63.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Low risk for proposed uses

Occupational

Low risk for proposed uses

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible mild skin sensitiser
Possible liver toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Fight fires using carbon dioxide, dry chemicals or foam
Not oxidising or explosive
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H411

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

chromafenozide

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

chromafenozyd

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	15/03/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242