Propisochlor

Propisochlor	Last updated: 24/07/2024
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

Pre-emergence or pre-plant herbicide for control of annual grasses and some broad leaved weeds

Example pests controlled

Cockspur grass; goose grass; Green bristlegrass; Goosefoot grass; Black nightshade

Example applications

Maize; Potatoes; Soybean; Corn; Peanuts; Rice; Spring OSR; Sunflower; peas; Wheat; Barley

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Banned in many countries

Introduction & key dates

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a pesticide

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Hungary

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Not applicable

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Russia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A chiral molecule with two enantiomers - S- and R-. The technical material is an isomeric mixture but it is the R-isomer that exhibits the strongest herbicidal activity.

Chemical formula

C₁₅H₂₂ClNO₂

Canonical SMILES

CCC1=CC=CC(=C1N(COC(C)C)C(=O)CCl)C

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

KZNDFYDURHAESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C15H22ClNO2/c1-5-13-8-6-7-12(4)15(13)17(14(18)9-16)10-19-11(2)3/h6-8,11H,5,9-10H2,1-4H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Chloroacetanilide herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

943 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - none declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Inhibits protein synthesis and so blocks cell division, selective, absorbed by shoots of germinating plants. Inhibition of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA, inhibition of cell division)

CAS RN

86763-47-5

EC number

617-914-6

CIPAC number

836

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

167454

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

283.80

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-[(propan-2-yloxy)methyl]acetamide

IUPAC name

2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-isopropoxymethylacet-ortho-toluidide

CAS name

2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-((1-methylethoxy)methyl)acetamide

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Clear colourless liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Nitrokemia
Shandong
Arysta LifeSciences

Example products using this active

Proponit 720EC

Formulation and application details

Usually applied as an aqueous spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

90.8

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

483000

Acetone

538000

Dichloromethane

582000

Heptane

598000

Methanol

Melting point (°C)

21.8

Boiling point (°C)

277

Degradation point (°C)

150

Flashpoint (°C)

146

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.00 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.3

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.0966

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

3.1

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

9.67 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

50.3

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

7.63

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

57.0

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 4.0-13.6 days, DT₉₀ range 27.8-134 days; General literature states typical DT₅₀ 10-15 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

2.9

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.14-4.73 days, various matrices from field grown maize & rice, n=2

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at all relevant pH's

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 4 to pH 9 50 °C 5 days

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

14.7

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

8.5

Moderately fast

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

3.21

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

291

¹/_n

0.97

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 4.13-3.047, K_foc range 142-839 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.89-1.17, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.36

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.26 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

4.608

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

72.2

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

2-((2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (isopropoxymethyl)amino)-2-oxoethane sulfonic acid

Major fraction

0.210

((2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)(sopropoxymethyl)amino)(oxo)acetic acid

Major fraction

0.200

2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethane sulfonic acid

Minor fraction

0.093

N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetamide

Minor fraction

0.075

({2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)(isopropoxymethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfinyl)acetic acid

Minor fraction

0.097

{(dimeric form of N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(isopropoxymethyl)-2-(mercapto)acetamide)

Major fraction

0.121

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) amino]-2-oxoethane sulfonic acid

Relevancy unknown

2-((2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (isopropoxymethyl)amino)-2-oxoethane sulfonic acid

Relevancy unknown

N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-N-(isopropoxymethyl)acetamide

Relevancy unknown

({2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl(isopropoxymethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfinyl) acetic acid

Relevancy unknown

(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (isopropoxymethyl)amino](oxo)acetic acid

Relevancy unknown

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

3-({2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfinyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid

Propisochlor M14; Propisochlor (s-sulfinyl lactic acid

Plant

0.190

N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-2-(hexopyranosyloxy)-N-[(propan-2-yloxy)methyl]acetamide

Propisochlor M17; Propisochlor t-hydroxy glucoside

Plant

0.200

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2290

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1562

Coturnix japonica

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 3905 mg kg feed⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

248

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

62.5

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 14.6 mg kg⁻¹ 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

> 2160

Avena sativa
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

360

Lolium perenne
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 111

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

20300

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

1500

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.3

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.39

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

14.0

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

3.2

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.012

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.012

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.0042

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

2290

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rabbit

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.0

Rat 4 hr (head only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.5-17.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Risks acceptable for proposed uses - care required

Occupational

Risk identified - PPE/PPC essential

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Ingestion may cause gastro-intestinal tract problems
Possible liver toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive
Flammable

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

propisochlor

French

propisochlore

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	24/07/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242